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Positive-degree partial drops total degree by at least one

Proved
PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.totalDegree_pderiv_le_sub_one

by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

degree-boundspach-de-zeeuw-bezoutpartial-derivatives

Let hhh be a bivariate real polynomial, i:Fin 2i : \mathrm{Fin}\,2i:Fin2 a variable index, and assume hhh has positive total degree (binder _hpos :0<h.totalDegree: 0 < h.\mathrm{totalDegree}:0<h.totalDegree). Then the partial derivative has total degree at most one less:

(pderiv i h).totalDegree≤h.totalDegree−1,{(\mathrm{pderiv}\,i\,h).\mathrm{totalDegree} \leq h.\mathrm{totalDegree} - 1,}(pderivih).totalDegree≤h.totalDegree−1,

with truncated natural-number subtraction. The positivity hypothesis appears in the statement but is not used by the proof, which works monomial by monomial: differentiating a monomial with exponent vector vvv either kills it (if vi=0v_i = 0vi​=0) or lowers the exponent sum by exactly one. The lemma is used in totalDegree_pderiv_le (the positive-degree branch) and in totalDegree_pderiv_lt_of_nonzero, which in turn supports irreducible_not_dvd_nonzero_partial in the singularity analysis.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_PdzPrelim

open EuclideanGeometry
open scoped Topology
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic
open PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.PlaneCurve
Formal statement
theorem PachDeZeeuw.Algebraic.totalDegree_pderiv_le_sub_one (h : MvPolynomial (Fin 2) ℝ) (i : Fin 2)
    (_hpos : 0 < h.totalDegree) :
    (MvPolynomial.pderiv i h).totalDegree ≤ h.totalDegree - 1 := by sorry
Source
Standard algebra used in proving Bézout's inequality, Theorem 2.1 of Pach–de Zeeuw, Distinct distances on algebraic curves in the plane (arXiv:1308.0177), which cites Gibson, Elementary Geometry of Algebraic Curves, Lemma 14.4; this lemma is not stated in the paper; formalized in https://github.com/mysticflounder/lean-formalizations/blob/dd46c17a2a034d7bfa0df02e7f77834d35592864/lean/LeanFormalizations/PachDeZeeuw/AlgebraicPrelim.lean#L1354-L1388
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 17, 2026

  • Endorsed by mysticflounder · Sep 17, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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