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Local approximation inside the orbit, rank at least two

Proved
OAI.FreeGroupFactorMain.Generation.orbit_local_approximation_ge_two

by wurtle · Nov 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

free-group-factorsoai-math

Throughout, L(G)L(G)L(G) is the group von Neumann algebra of a discrete group GGG acting on ℓ2(G)\ell^2(G)ℓ2(G), with canonical trace τ(x)=⟨xδe,δe⟩\tau(x)=\langle x\delta_e,\delta_e\rangleτ(x)=⟨xδe​,δe​⟩, left-regular unitaries λ(g)\lambda(g)λ(g), and ∥x∥2=∥xδe∥ℓ2\|x\|_2=\|x\delta_e\|_{\ell^2}∥x∥2​=∥xδe​∥ℓ2​. Let M=L(F(Fin n⊔{∗}))M=L(\mathbb F(\mathrm{Fin}\,n\sqcup\{*\}))M=L(F(Finn⊔{∗})), and let the orbit be the set of tuples (Φ(λ(j)))j∈Fin n(\Phi(\lambda(j)))_{j\in\mathrm{Fin}\,n}(Φ(λ(j)))j∈Finn​ as Φ\PhiΦ runs over the τ\tauτ-preserving ∗*∗-automorphisms of MMM. For a tuple VVV of unitaries, VgV_gVg​ is the evaluation of the word ggg and poly(V,p)=∑gp(g)Vg\mathrm{poly}(V,p)=\sum_g p(g)V_gpoly(V,p)=∑g​p(g)Vg​. Tuples carry the metric dist(V,U)=max⁡j∥Vj−Uj∥\mathrm{dist}(V,U)=\max_j\|V_j-U_j\|dist(V,U)=maxj​∥Vj​−Uj​∥ in the operator norm. Let n≥2n\ge2n≥2. For every UUU in the orbit, every δ,ε>0\delta,\varepsilon>0δ,ε>0 and every g∈F(Fin n⊔{∗})g\in\mathbb F(\mathrm{Fin}\,n\sqcup\{*\})g∈F(Finn⊔{∗}) there are VVV in the orbit with dist(V,U)<δ\mathrm{dist}(V,U)<\deltadist(V,U)<δ and a finitely supported p:Fn→Cp:\mathbb F_n\to\mathbb Cp:Fn​→C such that

∥poly(V,p)−λ(g)∥2<ε.\|\mathrm{poly}(V,p)-\lambda(g)\|_2<\varepsilon.∥poly(V,p)−λ(g)∥2​<ε.

The paper's Section 5 iteration treats n≥3n\ge3n≥3; this is the rank-at-least-two version of the Lean counterpart of its inductive step: a small move within the orbit brings a word algebra of the tuple close to any prescribed basis vector. In Lean it feeds a Baire-type lemma rather than an explicit iteration.

Formalization Note The statement is verbatim from OpenAI's Lean development, with the listed Definitions imported in place of the upstream modules; the definitions are supporting code for this statement.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_FreeGroupFactorProof18

namespace OAI

namespace FreeGroupFactorMain

noncomputable section

open Set Metric Filter
open scoped NNReal Topology BigOperators ContDiff

attribute [local instance] Classical.propDecidable

open UnitaryEvaluation

namespace Generation

Formal statement
theorem orbit_local_approximation_ge_two (n : ℕ) (hn : 2 ≤ n)
    (U : Tuple n) (hU : U ∈ orbit n) (δ : ℝ) (hδ : 0 < δ)
    (g : FreeGroup (Option (Fin n))) (ε : ℝ) (hε : 0 < ε) :
    ∃ V ∈ orbit n, dist V U < δ ∧ ∃ p : FreeGroup (Fin n) →₀ ℂ,
      dist (groupL2 (poly V p)) (lp.single 2 g (1 : ℂ)) < ε := by
  sorry

end Generation
end
end FreeGroupFactorMain
end OAI
Source
OpenAI, An isomorphism of the free group factors, September 23, 2026, https://github.com/openai/math (paper: preprints/An-isomorphism-of-the-free-group-factors-September-23-2026/An-isomorphism-of-the-free-group-factors-September-23-2026.pdf; Lean: lean/OAI/Analysis/FreeGroupFactor and lean/OAI/Analysis/InterpolatedFactors, Apache License 2.0); Lean declaration `OAI.FreeGroupFactorMain.Generation.orbit_local_approximation_ge_two`, https://github.com/openai/math/blob/adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a/lean/OAI/Analysis/FreeGroupFactor/FiniteRank.lean#L91

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