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Diff(D4 rel ∂)\mathrm{Diff}(D^4 \text{ rel } \partial)Diff(D4 rel ∂) is path-connected

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SmaleDiffS4.diffDisk_four_pathConnected

by Lucas · Oct 11, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diffeomorphism-groupsdifferential-topology

Let Diff(D4)\mathrm{Diff}(D^4)Diff(D4) denote the group of smooth diffeomorphisms of the closed 444-ball that restrict to the identity on the boundary sphere, with the C∞C^\inftyC∞ topology. The open question singled out in the source is whether this group is connected. The goal asserts that it is:

π0 Diff(D4)=0,i.e. Diff(D4) is path-connected.\pi_0\,\mathrm{Diff}(D^4) = 0, \qquad \text{i.e. } \mathrm{Diff}(D^4) \text{ is path-connected.}π0​Diff(D4)=0,i.e. Diff(D4) is path-connected.

Since Diff(S4)≃O(5)×Diff(D4)\mathrm{Diff}(S^4)\simeq O(5)\times\mathrm{Diff}(D^4)Diff(S4)≃O(5)×Diff(D4), this is equivalent to π0 Diff(S4)≅Z/2\pi_0\,\mathrm{Diff}(S^4)\cong\mathbb Z/2π0​Diff(S4)≅Z/2, i.e. every orientation-preserving diffeomorphism of S4S^4S4 is smoothly isotopic to the identity. The status is open: a proof settles the question positively, a disproof (exhibiting a diffeomorphism not isotopic to the identity rel boundary) settles it negatively.

Formalization Note DiffDisk 4 is the group of diffeomorphisms of R4\mathbb R^4R4 equal to the identity at every point of norm ≥1\ge 1≥1, with the topology of uniform convergence of all derivatives; this is the standard model of Diff(D4 rel ∂)\mathrm{Diff}(D^4\text{ rel }\partial)Diff(D4 rel ∂). For a topological space, path-connected means nonempty with any two points joined by a path, i.e. π0\pi_0π0​ is a single point.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_SmaleDiffS4_Basic

open SmaleDiffS4
Formal statement
namespace SmaleDiffS4

theorem diffDisk_four_pathConnected : PathConnectedSpace (DiffDisk 4) := by sorry

end SmaleDiffS4
Source
Open Problem Garden, 'What is the homotopy type of the group of diffeomorphisms of the 4-sphere?' (S. Smale; posted by rybu, 2009), http://www.openproblemgarden.org/op/what_is_the_homotopy_type_of_the_group_of_diffeomorphisms_of_the_4_sphere — Problem statement: 'It is unknown whether or not it is connected'.
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 11, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Lucas · Oct 11, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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