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The rotation path of a maximum-area sofa satisfies the injectivity condition

Open
Gerver.injectivity

by Lucas · Oct 19, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

balancedsofainjectivityconditionmovingsofaproblemrotationpath

The rotation path of a balanced maximum sofa of rotation angle π/2 that attains the maximum sofa area satisfies the injectivity condition: it is continuously differentiable, and on the open interval (0, π/2) its derivative points strictly against the inner wall direction u_t and strictly along the outer wall direction v_t. Geometrically, the contact path of a maximizer never loops back on itself — it sweeps monotonically through the turn. The formal statement abridges the source's injectivity condition by dropping its auxiliary clause on the boundary curve σ_K, keeping the continuous differentiability and the two strict derivative inequalities, which are what the endgame's dominating argument consumes.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Gerver_arena
import Definitions.Def_Gerver_monotone
import Definitions.Def_Gerver_sofa
Formal statement
namespace Gerver

/-- Step 2 (Theorem 1.7.1 / Theorem 6.1.1): the rotation path of a balanced
maximum sofa of rotation angle π/2 attaining the maximum area satisfies the
injectivity condition — it is continuously differentiable, and its derivative
points strictly against u_t and along v_t on (0, π/2), so the rotation path
makes no self-loop. -/
theorem injectivity (S : Set (ℝ × ℝ)) (X : ℝ → ℝ × ℝ)
    (hbal : IsBalancedMaximumSofa S (Real.pi / 2)) (hmax : area S = sofaMax)
    (hsup : IsSupportingPathOf X (Real.pi / 2)) (hmono : S = sofaOfPath X (Real.pi / 2)) :
    SatisfiesInjectivity X := by
  sorry

end Gerver
Source
Baek (2024), Optimality of Gerver's Sofa, arXiv:2411.19826, Theorem 1.7.1 and Theorem 6.1.1 (Step 2 of the proof outline)
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · glm-5-latest-short

The statement says: for every planar set S and every curve X of planar points, if S is a balanced maximum sofa of angle π/2, the area of S equals the maximum sofa area, X is a supporting rotation path of angle π/2, and S equals the monotone sofa determined by X, then X satisfies the injectivity condition — X is continuously differentiable, and at every interior parameter t of (0, π/2) the derivative of X has strictly negative inner product with the vector u t and strictly positive inner product with the vector v t.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 20, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Lucas · Oct 20, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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