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Reverse-order fourth term 3b−2a3b-2a3b−2a creates a node conflict

Proved
Erdos195.reverse_fourth_conflict

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness is a function θ(k,r)∈{0,1}\theta(k,r)\in\{0,1\}θ(k,r)∈{0,1} on the nodes (k,r)(k,r)(k,r), 0≤r<2k0\le r<2^k0≤r<2k, of the binary tree of residues. For distinct integers x,yx,yx,y with k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x), put x≺θyx\prec_\theta yx≺θ​y iff bitk(x)=θ(k, x mod 2k)\mathrm{bit}_k(x)=\theta(k,\,x\bmod 2^k)bitk​(x)=θ(k,xmod2k) (two's-complement digits). A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression; it is tree-safe if it is θ\thetaθ-safe for some θ\thetaθ. Let PPP be a finite word and a≠ba\neq ba=b letters of PPP with bbb occurring before aaa. Put c=3b−2ac=3b-2ac=3b−2a and suppose

c, 2a−b, 3a−2b, 6b−5a, 9b−8a∉P.c,\ 2a-b,\ 3a-2b,\ 6b-5a,\ 9b-8a\notin P.c, 2a−b, 3a−2b, 6b−5a, 9b−8a∈/P.

Then the word P⋅cP\cdot cP⋅c is not tree-safe. Indeed the in-order pairs (b,a)(b,a)(b,a) and (a,c)(a,c)(a,c) are then both open (neither continuation present), they sit at the same tree node (k, a mod 2k)(k,\,a\bmod 2^k)(k,amod2k) with k=ν2(b−a)k=\nu_2(b-a)k=ν2​(b−a), and they force opposite bits there, since bitk(c)=bitk(b)≠bitk(a)\mathrm{bit}_k(c)=\mathrm{bit}_k(b)\neq\mathrm{bit}_k(a)bitk​(c)=bitk​(b)=bitk​(a). This explains why the isolated-minimum completion by the fourth term 3b−2a3b-2a3b−2a has no analogue when the pair is taken in reverse order (Erdős Problem 195, tree-witness approach).

Formalization note: treeLt θ is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree; Safe, bitOne are from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs. Positions in a word are List.idxOf; P ++ [c] appends c.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem reverse_fourth_conflict (P : List ℤ) (a b : ℤ) (ha : a ∈ P) (hb : b ∈ P)
    (hord : P.idxOf b < P.idxOf a) (hc : 3 * b - 2 * a ∉ P)
    (h1 : 2 * a - b ∉ P) (h2 : 3 * a - 2 * b ∉ P)
    (h3 : 6 * b - 5 * a ∉ P) (h4 : 9 * b - 8 * a ∉ P) :
    ¬ ∃ θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ) (P ++ [3 * b - 2 * a]) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); statements from GPT 6 Astra (Oct 23 2026 'tree' answers tree10, generalized), Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung

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