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Is the root of x3+6x+1x^3+6x+1x3+6x+1 collapsible? (any collapsing has degree ≥32\ge 32≥32)

Proved
CollapsibleCubics.collapsible_x3_6x_1

by quesswho · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

algebranumber-theoryopen-problempolynomials

Is the root of x3+6x+1x^3+6x+1x3+6x+1 collapsible?

Call α\alphaα collapsible if there is some f∈Q[x]f\in\mathbb{Q}[x]f∈Q[x] of degree ≥1\ge 1≥1, with nonzero rational leading coefficient and all roots rational, such that f(α)∈Qf(\alpha)\in\mathbb{Q}f(α)∈Q. The conjecture behind this mission is that every algebraic number is collapsible; the first open case is the cubic one. This theorem is the smallest cubic still resisting: no collapsing of a root of x3+6x+1x^3+6x+1x3+6x+1 is known.

What is already established. This cubic has discriminant Δ=−4⋅63−27=−891<0\Delta=-4\cdot 6^3-27=-891<0Δ=−4⋅63−27=−891<0. Writing x3+6x+1=(x+2u)((x−u)2+v2)x^3+6x+1=(x+2u)\big((x-u)^2+v^2\big)x3+6x+1=(x+2u)((x−u)2+v2) gives u≈0.0829528u\approx 0.0829528u≈0.0829528, v≈2.4537000v\approx 2.4537000v≈2.4537000, so with ψ=arctan⁡(3u/v)≈0.10108\psi=\arctan(3u/v)\approx 0.10108ψ=arctan(3u/v)≈0.10108 we get π/ψ≈31.08\pi/\psi\approx 31.08π/ψ≈31.08. A machine-checked archimedean bound (CollapsibleCubics.pi_div_psi_le_natDegree, a proved milestone of this mission) then forces

deg⁡f  ≥  ⌈π/ψ⌉  =  32\deg f \;\ge\; \lceil \pi/\psi \rceil \;=\; 32degf≥⌈π/ψ⌉=32

for every collapsing fff of this root. So this is not a gap that low-degree search can close: exhaustive checks at degree 444 (up to height 800800800, denominator 404040) and extensive MILP searches found nothing, and provably could not have. Progress means exhibiting a witness of degree ≥32\ge 32≥32, or proving none exists.

Either resolution is significant. A collapsing would settle the smallest open case. A disproof — showing this root is not collapsible — would refute the general conjecture outright, so this statement is a genuine two-sided target and should not be assumed true.

The statement is given for α\alphaα in an arbitrary field KKK containing Q\mathbb{Q}Q, so it covers the root in R\mathbb{R}R, in C\mathbb{C}C, and in Q[x]/(x3+6x+1)\mathbb{Q}[x]/(x^3+6x+1)Q[x]/(x3+6x+1) alike. Over Q\mathbb{Q}Q itself the hypothesis is unsatisfiable (the cubic has no rational root), so the content is exactly the extension case.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CollapsibleCubics_basic
Formal statement
namespace CollapsibleCubics
theorem collapsible_x3_6x_1 {K : Type*} [Field K] [Algebra ℚ K] (α : K)
    (hα : α ^ 3 + algebraMap ℚ K 6 * α + algebraMap ℚ K 1 = 0) :
    Collapsible α := by sorry
end CollapsibleCubics
Source
Collapsible Cubics mission, open question Q6; Macris Problem 3 in the 1-collapsible formulation, https://quesswho.github.io/miles-blog/2026/08/20/collapsible/ . Degree lower bound from the mission's proved milestone pi_div_psi_le_natDegree.

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