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R3: Boyer–Lindquist to ingoing Kerr coordinates with explicit antiderivatives, all real M,aM,aM,a

Proved
ExactVacuumAtlas.Release01.R3_boyerLindquist_ingoing

by He Wang · Oct 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

boyer-lindquistcoordinate-geometrycoordinate-relationcoordinate-transformationexact-vacuum-atlasgeneral-relativityingoing-kerr-coordinateskerr-metric

Let M,aM,aM,a be arbitrary real numbers, Σ=r2+a2cos⁡2θ\Sigma=r^2+a^2\cos^2\thetaΣ=r2+a2cos2θ, Δ=r2−2Mr+a2\Delta=r^2-2Mr+a^2Δ=r2−2Mr+a2. Let K=KM,aK=K_{M,a}K=KM,a​ be the explicit antiderivative of 1/Δ1/\Delta1/Δ (two real roots: logarithms; double root: −1/(r−M)-1/(r-M)−1/(r−M); no real root: arctangent), H1(r)=Mlog⁡∣Δ(r)∣+2M2K(r)H_1(r)=M\log|\Delta(r)|+2M^2K(r)H1​(r)=Mlog∣Δ(r)∣+2M2K(r) and H2(r)=aK(r)H_2(r)=aK(r)H2​(r)=aK(r), so that H1′=2Mr/ΔH_1'=2Mr/\DeltaH1′​=2Mr/Δ and H2′=a/ΔH_2'=a/\DeltaH2′​=a/Δ off the roots. With gM,aBLg^{\rm BL}_{M,a}gM,aBL​ the Boyer–Lindquist Kerr metric (platform definition KerrBL_Kerr_Metric, coordinates (t,r,θ,φ)=(x0,x1,x2,x3)(t,r,\theta,\varphi)=(x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3)(t,r,θ,φ)=(x0​,x1​,x2​,x3​)): gtt=−(1−2MrΣ)g_{tt}=-\big(1-\tfrac{2Mr}{\Sigma}\big)gtt​=−(1−Σ2Mr​), grr=ΣΔg_{rr}=\tfrac{\Sigma}{\Delta}grr​=ΔΣ​, gθθ=Σg_{\theta\theta}=\Sigmagθθ​=Σ, gφφ=(r2+a2+2Ma2rsin⁡2θΣ)sin⁡2θg_{\varphi\varphi}=\big(r^2+a^2+\tfrac{2Ma^2r\sin^2\theta}{\Sigma}\big)\sin^2\thetagφφ​=(r2+a2+Σ2Ma2rsin2θ​)sin2θ, gtφ=gφt=−2Marsin⁡2θΣg_{t\varphi}=g_{\varphi t}=-\tfrac{2Mar\sin^2\theta}{\Sigma}gtφ​=gφt​=−Σ2Marsin2θ​, other entries 000, with its closed-form candidate inverse g^\hat gg^​ (g^rr=Δ/Σ\hat g^{rr}=\Delta/\Sigmag^​rr=Δ/Σ, g^θθ=1/Σ\hat g^{\theta\theta}=1/\Sigmag^​θθ=1/Σ and a (t,φ)(t,\varphi)(t,φ) block with denominator ΣΔsin⁡2θ\Sigma\Delta\sin^2\thetaΣΔsin2θ), gM,aing^{\rm in}_{M,a}gM,ain​ the ingoing (Kerr's original, advanced) Kerr metric ging^{\rm in}gin of bundle Atlas_Kerr_InDefs, read off from Visser's line element ds2=−F (dv+asin⁡2θ dφ)2+2 (dv+asin⁡2θ dφ)(dr+asin⁡2θ dφ)+Σ (dθ2+sin⁡2θ dφ2)ds^2=-F\,(dv+a\sin^2\theta\,d\varphi)^2+2\,(dv+a\sin^2\theta\,d\varphi)(dr+a\sin^2\theta\,d\varphi)+\Sigma\,(d\theta^2+\sin^2\theta\,d\varphi^2)ds2=−F(dv+asin2θdφ)2+2(dv+asin2θdφ)(dr+asin2θdφ)+Σ(dθ2+sin2θdφ2), F=1−2Mr/ΣF=1-2Mr/\SigmaF=1−2Mr/Σ, with the half-Hessian convention (gvr=1g_{vr}=1gvr​=1): in coordinates (v,r,θ,φ)=(x0,x1,x2,x3)(v,r,\theta,\varphi)=(x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3)(v,r,θ,φ)=(x0​,x1​,x2​,x3​) and with A=asin⁡2θA=a\sin^2\thetaA=asin2θ, gvv=−Fg_{vv}=-Fgvv​=−F, gvr=grv=1g_{vr}=g_{rv}=1gvr​=grv​=1, gvφ=gφv=(1−F)Ag_{v\varphi}=g_{\varphi v}=(1-F)Agvφ​=gφv​=(1−F)A, grφ=gφr=Ag_{r\varphi}=g_{\varphi r}=Agrφ​=gφr​=A, gθθ=Σg_{\theta\theta}=\Sigmagθθ​=Σ, gφφ=(2−F)A2+Σsin⁡2θg_{\varphi\varphi}=(2-F)A^2+\Sigma\sin^2\thetagφφ​=(2−F)A2+Σsin2θ, all remaining entries 000; its candidate inverse g^in\hat g^{\rm in}g^​in has g^vv=a2sin⁡2θ/Σ\hat g^{vv}=a^2\sin^2\theta/\Sigmag^​vv=a2sin2θ/Σ, g^vr=g^rv=(r2+a2)/Σ\hat g^{vr}=\hat g^{rv}=(r^2+a^2)/\Sigmag^​vr=g^​rv=(r2+a2)/Σ, g^vφ=g^φv=g^rφ=g^φr=−a/Σ\hat g^{v\varphi}=\hat g^{\varphi v}=\hat g^{r\varphi}=\hat g^{\varphi r}=-a/\Sigmag^​vφ=g^​φv=g^​rφ=g^​φr=−a/Σ, g^rr=Δ/Σ\hat g^{rr}=\Delta/\Sigmag^​rr=Δ/Σ with Δ=r2−2Mr+a2\Delta=r^2-2Mr+a^2Δ=r2−2Mr+a2, g^θθ=1/Σ\hat g^{\theta\theta}=1/\Sigmag^​θθ=1/Σ, g^φφ=1/(Σsin⁡2θ)\hat g^{\varphi\varphi}=1/(\Sigma\sin^2\theta)g^​φφ=1/(Σsin2θ), all remaining entries 000 (both matrices are symmetric; every symmetric counterpart is listed), the map

Φ(t,r,θ,φ)=(t+r+H1(r), r, θ, −φ−H2(r)),\Phi(t,r,\theta,\varphi)=\big(t+r+H_1(r),\ r,\ \theta,\ -\varphi-H_2(r)\big),Φ(t,r,θ,φ)=(t+r+H1​(r), r, θ, −φ−H2​(r)),

its inverse Ψ(v,r,θ,φ~)=(v−r−H1(r), r, θ, −φ~−H2(r))\Psi(v,r,\theta,\tilde\varphi)=\big(v-r-H_1(r),\ r,\ \theta,\ -\tilde\varphi-H_2(r)\big)Ψ(v,r,θ,φ~​)=(v−r−H1​(r), r, θ, −φ~​−H2​(r)), the Jacobian JJJ with rows (1,r2+a2Δ,0,0)(1,\frac{r^2+a^2}{\Delta},0,0)(1,Δr2+a2​,0,0), (0,1,0,0)(0,1,0,0)(0,1,0,0), (0,0,1,0)(0,0,1,0)(0,0,1,0), (0,−aΔ,0,−1)(0,-\frac a\Delta,0,-1)(0,−Δa​,0,−1), and the overlap UM,aBL={x: Σ≠0, Δ≠0, sin⁡θ≠0}U^{\rm BL}_{M,a}=\{x:\ \Sigma\neq0,\ \Delta\neq0,\ \sin\theta\neq0\}UM,aBL​={x: Σ=0, Δ=0, sinθ=0} (mapped onto itself):

CoordRelation(gM,aBL, gM,ain, UM,aBL, UM,aBL, Φ, Ψ, J).\mathrm{CoordRelation}\big(g^{\rm BL}_{M,a},\ g^{\rm in}_{M,a},\ U^{\rm BL}_{M,a},\ U^{\rm BL}_{M,a},\ \Phi,\ \Psi,\ J\big).CoordRelation(gM,aBL​, gM,ain​, UM,aBL​, UM,aBL​, Φ, Ψ, J).

CoordRelation(g1,g2,U,V,Φ,Ψ,J)\mathrm{CoordRelation}(g_1,g_2,U,V,\Phi,\Psi,J)CoordRelation(g1​,g2​,U,V,Φ,Ψ,J) (bundle Atlas_Core_Relation) asserts: Ψ(Φ(x))=x\Psi(\Phi(x))=xΨ(Φ(x))=x for x∈Ux\in Ux∈U; Φ(Ψ(y))=y\Phi(\Psi(y))=yΦ(Ψ(y))=y for y∈Vy\in Vy∈V; Φ\PhiΦ maps UUU bijectively onto VVV; Φ\PhiΦ is C∞C^\inftyC∞ on UUU and Ψ\PsiΨ is C∞C^\inftyC∞ on VVV; for every x∈Ux\in Ux∈U and all indices k,ik,ik,i the slice u↦Φ(x[xi:=u])ku\mapsto\Phi(x[x_i:=u])_ku↦Φ(x[xi​:=u])k​ has derivative J(x)kiJ(x)_{ki}J(x)ki​ at u=xiu=x_iu=xi​ (a genuine derivative, not a default value); and J(x)T g2(Φ(x)) J(x)=g1(x)J(x)^{\mathsf T}\,g_2(\Phi(x))\,J(x)=g_1(x)J(x)Tg2​(Φ(x))J(x)=g1​(x) for all x∈Ux\in Ux∈U.

Relation R3 of the atlas (rows 6 and 7), Visser's change of coordinates with the integrals made explicit for every real M,aM,aM,a; det⁡J=−1\det J=-1detJ=−1. The overlap is the Boyer–Lindquist regular domain, a subset of the ingoing domain; points with Δ=0\Delta=0Δ=0 are covered by row 7 alone, at those points where Σ≠0\Sigma\neq0Σ=0 and sin⁡θ≠0\sin\theta\neq0sinθ=0 also hold.

Formalization Note Everything is coordinate-level on R4\mathbb R^4R4 (points are functions {0,1,2,3}→R\{0,1,2,3\}\to\mathbb R{0,1,2,3}→R): no manifold, chart gluing, periodicity of φ\varphiφ, horizon, causal or global statement is made. Partial derivatives are Mathlib's deriv of coordinate slices; the certificates' C∞C^\inftyC∞ obligations make every derivative used a genuine derivative. Units G=c=1G=c=1G=c=1, signature (−,+,+,+)(-,+,+,+)(−,+,+,+).

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Basic
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Certificate
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Lift
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Relation
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Kerr_Domain
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Kerr_Frame
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Kerr_InAtoms
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Kerr_InDefs
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Kerr_InParts
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Kerr_R3
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Minkowski_Cartesian
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Minkowski_R4
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Minkowski_Spherical
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Defs
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Domain
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_EFCertParts
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_EFRelation
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_StdParts
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_CoordGeometry
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_Kerr_Metric
open scoped ContDiff
Formal statement
theorem ExactVacuumAtlas.Release01.R3_boyerLindquist_ingoing (M a : ℝ) :
    CoordRelation (KerrBL.gKerr M a) (Kerr.In.gIn M a) (Kerr.domBL M a) (Kerr.domBL M a)
      (Kerr.R3.toIn (Kerr.R3.H1 M a) (Kerr.R3.H2 M a))
      (Kerr.R3.fromIn (Kerr.R3.H1 M a) (Kerr.R3.H2 M a)) (Kerr.R3.jac M a) := by sorry
Source
M. Visser, arXiv:0706.0622, eqs. (E:BL-change-1), (E:BL-change-2), (E:BL-change-3): u = t + r, t = t_BL + 2M∫ r dr/Δ, φ = −φ_BL − a∫ dr/Δ; R. P. Kerr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 (1963) 237, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237; R. H. Boyer, R. W. Lindquist, J. Math. Phys. 8 (1967) 265, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1705193; Müller–Grave catalogue eq. kerrBLbardeen; metric data = platform definition KerrBL_Kerr_Metric (id 8b2152c1-375e-4302-8acf-50c30d42d46d); M. Visser, arXiv:0706.0622, eq. (E:K1) (Survey-grqc-3.tex lines 205–215), Visser's u renamed v; Lean source: repository ExactVacuumAtlas (private repository, not publicly accessible; GitHub remote pending (no GitHub identity on the build server)), commit 35f26e6a22f5d72380094fa94edc72dea667df53, Atlas/Release01.lean#L114-L126 (module Atlas.Release01, file sha256 35a31e5ed932c61f239b2a15b3a2a9d8b3ba78368b5b471af95b0ec0e8e73c30; uploaded stub = platform_mirror/Theorems/Thm_ExactVacuumAtlas_Release01_R3_boyerLindquist_ingoing.lean)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by He Wang · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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