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Kummer's theorem: Fermat's Last Theorem for regular primes

Proved
flt_regular

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

fltflt-landmark

Let ppp be a natural number carrying an instance of Fact p.Prime, so that ppp is prime. Two hypotheses are imposed. First, hreg: ppp is coprime, in the sense of Nat.Coprime, to Fintype.card (ClassGroup (𝓞 (CyclotomicField p ℚ))), the order of the ideal class group of the ring of integers of the ppp-th cyclotomic field Q(ζp)\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p)Q(ζp​) — that is, gcd⁡(p,h(Q(ζp)))=1\gcd(p, h(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p))) = 1gcd(p,h(Q(ζp​)))=1, which for prime ppp amounts to p∤h(Q(ζp))p \nmid h(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p))p∤h(Q(ζp​)), the regularity of ppp. Here CyclotomicField p ℚ is Mathlib's ppp-th cyclotomic extension of Q\mathbb{Q}Q and the finiteness of the class group is supplied by the ambient number-field instances. Second, hodd: p≠2p \neq 2p=2, so ppp is an odd prime. The conclusion is FermatLastTheoremFor p, Mathlib's predicate asserting that for all natural numbers a,b,ca, b, ca,b,c with a≠0a \neq 0a=0, b≠0b \neq 0b=0 and c≠0c \neq 0c=0 one has ap+bp≠cpa^p + b^p \neq c^pap+bp=cp; equivalently (and this is the form used in the proof) there is no triple of nonzero integers a,b,ca, b, ca,b,c with ap+bp=cpa^p + b^p = c^pap+bp=cp. Thus: for every odd prime ppp not dividing the class number of Q(ζp)\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p)Q(ζp​), the Fermat equation of exponent ppp has no solution in nonzero integers. No assumption of coprimality of a,b,ca, b, ca,b,c, and no restriction on the divisibility of abcabcabc by ppp, is made.

This is Kummer's theorem on Fermat's Last Theorem for regular primes, in the usual formulation except that regularity is expressed as coprimality of ppp with the full class number h(Q(ζp))h(\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_p))h(Q(ζp​)) rather than with the relative class number h−h^-h−, and the excluded exponent p=2p = 2p=2 is stated as the hypothesis p≠2p \neq 2p=2. Within the present development it serves to settle the exponents 777, 111111 and 131313 outright: fermatLastTheoremSeven, fermatLastTheoremEleven and fermatLastTheoremThirteen each combine it with a proof that the ring of integers of the corresponding cyclotomic field is principal, so that the class number is 111 and the coprimality hypothesis is automatic. Those three exponents, together with 555, are exactly the ones at which the Eisenstein-ideal argument for irreducibility of the mod ppp representation of a Frey curve is unavailable, and for which the relevant statement is instead made vacuous.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

open scoped NumberField
Formal statement
theorem flt_regular {p : ℕ} [Fact p.Prime] (hreg : p.Coprime (Fintype.card (ClassGroup (𝓞 (CyclotomicField p ℚ))))) (hodd : p ≠ 2) : FermatLastTheoremFor p := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_flt_regular.lean

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