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Boyer–Lindquist Kerr metric is Lorentzian on the whole regular domain

Proved
ExactVacuumAtlas.Kerr.lorentz

by He Wang · Oct 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

boyer-lindquistcoordinate-geometryexact-vacuum-atlasgeneral-relativitykerr-metriclorentzian-signature

Let M,aM,aM,a be real numbers, Σ=r2+a2cos⁡2θ\Sigma=r^2+a^2\cos^2\thetaΣ=r2+a2cos2θ, Δ=r2−2Mr+a2\Delta=r^2-2Mr+a^2Δ=r2−2Mr+a2, and x∈UM,aBL={Σ≠0,Δ≠0,sin⁡θ≠0}x\in U^{\rm BL}_{M,a}=\{\Sigma\neq0,\Delta\neq0,\sin\theta\neq0\}x∈UM,aBL​={Σ=0,Δ=0,sinθ=0}. Then the matrix gBL(x)g^{\rm BL}(x)gBL(x) of the Boyer–Lindquist Kerr metric (platform definition KerrBL_Kerr_Metric, coordinates (t,r,θ,φ)=(x0,x1,x2,x3)(t,r,\theta,\varphi)=(x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3)(t,r,θ,φ)=(x0​,x1​,x2​,x3​)): gtt=−(1−2MrΣ)g_{tt}=-\big(1-\tfrac{2Mr}{\Sigma}\big)gtt​=−(1−Σ2Mr​), grr=ΣΔg_{rr}=\tfrac{\Sigma}{\Delta}grr​=ΔΣ​, gθθ=Σg_{\theta\theta}=\Sigmagθθ​=Σ, gφφ=(r2+a2+2Ma2rsin⁡2θΣ)sin⁡2θg_{\varphi\varphi}=\big(r^2+a^2+\tfrac{2Ma^2r\sin^2\theta}{\Sigma}\big)\sin^2\thetagφφ​=(r2+a2+Σ2Ma2rsin2θ​)sin2θ, gtφ=gφt=−2Marsin⁡2θΣg_{t\varphi}=g_{\varphi t}=-\tfrac{2Mar\sin^2\theta}{\Sigma}gtφ​=gφt​=−Σ2Marsin2θ​, other entries 000, with its closed-form candidate inverse g^\hat gg^​ (g^rr=Δ/Σ\hat g^{rr}=\Delta/\Sigmag^​rr=Δ/Σ, g^θθ=1/Σ\hat g^{\theta\theta}=1/\Sigmag^​θθ=1/Σ and a (t,φ)(t,\varphi)(t,φ) block with denominator ΣΔsin⁡2θ\Sigma\Delta\sin^2\thetaΣΔsin2θ) is Lorentzian: there is a matrix EEE with invertible determinant and ETgBL(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1)E^{\mathsf T}g^{\rm BL}(x)E=\mathrm{diag}(-1,1,1,1)ETgBL(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1).

Signature obligation of row 6. The proof exhibits the unnormalised Carter-type frame T0=(r2+a2)∂t+a∂φT_0=(r^2+a^2)\partial_t+a\partial_\varphiT0​=(r2+a2)∂t​+a∂φ​, T1=∂rT_1=\partial_rT1​=∂r​, T2=∂θT_2=\partial_\thetaT2​=∂θ​, T3=asin⁡2θ ∂t+∂φT_3=a\sin^2\theta\,\partial_t+\partial_\varphiT3​=asin2θ∂t​+∂φ​ with TTgT=diag(−ΔΣ,Σ/Δ,Σ,Σsin⁡2θ)T^{\mathsf T}gT=\mathrm{diag}(-\Delta\Sigma,\Sigma/\Delta,\Sigma,\Sigma\sin^2\theta)TTgT=diag(−ΔΣ,Σ/Δ,Σ,Σsin2θ) for Δ>0\Delta>0Δ>0, and the same columns with T0,T1T_0,T_1T0​,T1​ swapped for Δ<0\Delta<0Δ<0; no part of the regular domain (Δ<0\Delta<0Δ<0, r<0r<0r<0, gtt≥0g_{tt}\ge0gtt​≥0) is excluded.

Formalization Note Everything is coordinate-level on R4\mathbb R^4R4 (points are functions {0,1,2,3}→R\{0,1,2,3\}\to\mathbb R{0,1,2,3}→R): no manifold, chart gluing, periodicity of φ\varphiφ, horizon, causal or global statement is made. Partial derivatives are Mathlib's deriv of coordinate slices; the certificates' C∞C^\inftyC∞ obligations make every derivative used a genuine derivative. Units G=c=1G=c=1G=c=1, signature (−,+,+,+)(-,+,+,+)(−,+,+,+).

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Basic
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Kerr_Domain
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Kerr_Frame
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_CoordGeometry
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_Kerr_Metric
open Real
Formal statement
theorem ExactVacuumAtlas.Kerr.lorentz (M a : ℝ) (x : Pt 4) (hx : x ∈ domBL M a) :
    IsLorentzian (metricMatrix (KerrBL.gKerr M a) x) := by sorry
Source
R. P. Kerr, Phys. Rev. Lett. 11 (1963) 237, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237; R. H. Boyer, R. W. Lindquist, J. Math. Phys. 8 (1967) 265, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1705193; Müller–Grave catalogue eq. kerrBLbardeen; metric data = platform definition KerrBL_Kerr_Metric (id 8b2152c1-375e-4302-8acf-50c30d42d46d); Sylvester's law of inertia (standard linear algebra); Mathlib LinearAlgebra/QuadraticForm/Signature.lean (pinned 0df444a3) for sigPos/sigNeg; Lean source: repository ExactVacuumAtlas (private repository, not publicly accessible; GitHub remote pending (no GitHub identity on the build server)), commit 35f26e6a22f5d72380094fa94edc72dea667df53, Atlas/Kerr/Frame.lean#L81-L111 (module Atlas.Kerr.Frame, file sha256 5a92b81fee538de9260bd7366efb75564a03d8023a764de125f0f9562b79d07a; uploaded stub = platform_mirror/Theorems/Thm_ExactVacuumAtlas_Kerr_lorentz.lean)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by He Wang · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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