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Superlinear wall contraction at natural terminal height

Proved
BianchiIX.exists_terminalNatural_amplitude_bound

by trppppp · Nov 6, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

bianchi-ix-era-statisticsdynamical-systems

For real variables p,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,c, set

K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.K=a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca),\qquad S=p^2+s^2,\qquad C=S+K.K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.

The shear components and wall rates are

P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac,P=Kp-2a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-2bc+ac,P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac, Q=Ks+3(−b2+c2+ab−ac),Q=Ks+\sqrt{3}(-b^2+c^2+ab-ac),Q=Ks+3​(−b2+c2+ab−ac), r1=−S+2p,r2=−S−p+3s,r3=−S−p−3s.r_1=-S+2p,\qquad r_2=-S-p+\sqrt{3}s,\qquad r_3=-S-p-\sqrt{3}s.r1​=−S+2p,r2​=−S−p+3​s,r3​=−S−p−3​s.

These functions define the normalized vacuum Bianchi IX vector field (P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)(P,Q,r1​a,r2​b,r3​c). For y=(m,u,v,w)∈R4y=(m,u,v,w)\in\mathbb R^4y=(m,u,v,w)∈R4, define

K(u,v,w)=u2+v2+w2−2(uv+vw+wu),κ=u(v+w−u),K(u,v,w)=u^2+v^2+w^2-2(uv+vw+wu),\qquad \kappa=u(v+w-u),K(u,v,w)=u2+v2+w2−2(uv+vw+wu),κ=u(v+w−u), Fm=−v2+w2+u(v−w)−mκ,Fu=12(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)u,F_m=-v^2+w^2+u(v-w)-m\kappa,\qquad F_u=\tfrac12(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)u,Fm​=−v2+w2+u(v−w)−mκ,Fu​=21​(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)u, Fv=(m−1−κ)v,Fw=(−m−1−κ)w,F=(Fm,Fu,Fv,Fw),F_v=(m-1-\kappa)v,\qquad F_w=(-m-1-\kappa)w,\qquad F=(F_m,F_u,F_v,F_w),Fv​=(m−1−κ)v,Fw​=(−m−1−κ)w,F=(Fm​,Fu​,Fv​,Fw​),

and E(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2E(m,v)=(m-1)^2+v^2E(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2.

For x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c), put

ψ(p,z)=3 z1+p,Π(x)=(ψ(p,s),ψ(p,a),ψ(p,b),ψ(p,c)).\psi(p,z)=\frac{\sqrt3\,z}{1+p},\qquad \Pi(x)=(\psi(p,s),\psi(p,a),\psi(p,b),\psi(p,c)).ψ(p,z)=1+p3​z​,Π(x)=(ψ(p,s),ψ(p,a),ψ(p,b),ψ(p,c)).

For y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w), set D(y)=3+m2+K(u,v,w)D(y)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w)D(y)=3+m2+K(u,v,w) and

ΞA(y)=(A−1,Am3,Au3,Av3,Aw3),Ξ(y)=Ξ6/D(y)(y).\Xi_A(y)=\left(A-1,\frac{Am}{\sqrt3},\frac{Au}{\sqrt3}, \frac{Av}{\sqrt3},\frac{Aw}{\sqrt3}\right),\qquad \Xi(y)=\Xi_{6/D(y)}(y).ΞA​(y)=(A−1,3​Am​,3​Au​,3​Av​,3​Aw​),Ξ(y)=Ξ6/D(y)​(y).

Write N(x)=(P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)N(x)=(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)N(x)=(P,Q,r1​a,r2​b,r3​c) for the normalized vector field and C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)\mathcal C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c) for its constraint.

The normalized and projective state spaces are R5\mathbb R^5R5 and R4\mathbb R^4R4 with their finite-product norms. The maps Π,Ξ,D,F\Pi,\Xi,D,FΠ,Ξ,D,F act on these state spaces.

Define the core radius, angle, and clock factor by

r(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2,θ(m,v)=arsinh⁡1−mv,d(r,u,w)=1−(u−w)2r2.r(m,v)=\sqrt{(m-1)^2+v^2},\qquad \theta(m,v)=\operatorname{arsinh}\frac{1-m}{v},\qquad d(r,u,w)=1-\frac{(u-w)^2}{r^2}.r(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2​,θ(m,v)=arsinhv1−m​,d(r,u,w)=1−r2(u−w)2​.

For y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w), write ry=r(m,v)r_y=r(m,v)ry​=r(m,v), θy=θ(m,v)\theta_y=\theta(m,v)θy​=θ(m,v), and dy=d(ry,u,w)d_y=d(r_y,u,w)dy​=d(ry​,u,w). All quotients use the total convention x/0=0x/0=0x/0=0.

The core state space is R3\mathbb R^3R3 with coordinates Y=(r,u,p)Y=(r,u,p)Y=(r,u,p). Define

η(m,u,v,w)=(r(m,v),u,vw),ιz(r,u,p)=(1−rtanh⁡z,u,rcosh⁡z,pr/cosh⁡z).\eta(m,u,v,w)=(r(m,v),u,vw),\qquad \iota_z(r,u,p)=\left(1-r\tanh z,u,\frac r{\cosh z}, \frac p{r/\cosh z}\right).η(m,u,v,w)=(r(m,v),u,vw),ιz​(r,u,p)=(1−rtanhz,u,coshzr​,r/coshzp​).

For fixed (z,Y)(z,Y)(z,Y) put v=r/cosh⁡zv=r/\cosh zv=r/coshz, w=p/vw=p/vw=p/v, d=d(r,u,w)d=d(r,u,w)d=d(r,u,w), and define

V(z,Y)=(−κ(u,v,w)−tanh⁡z (u−w)2/rd,u[−r/2+tanh⁡z+w/cosh⁡z+(u2−w2)/(2r)]d,−2p(1+κ(u,v,w))rd).\mathcal V(z,Y)=\left( \frac{-\kappa(u,v,w)-\tanh z\,(u-w)^2/r}{d},\quad \frac{u[-r/2+\tanh z+w/\cosh z+(u^2-w^2)/(2r)]}{d},\quad \frac{-2p(1+\kappa(u,v,w))}{rd}\right).V(z,Y)=(d−κ(u,v,w)−tanhz(u−w)2/r​,du[−r/2+tanhz+w/coshz+(u2−w2)/(2r)]​,rd−2p(1+κ(u,v,w))​).

For real kkk, put εk=1/(10000k)\varepsilon_k=1/(10000k)εk​=1/(10000k) and define

Kk={(m,u,v,w):∣E(m,v)−k2∣≤1/8,v≥1,0≤u≤εk,0≤vw≤εk}.\mathcal K_k=\{(m,u,v,w): |E(m,v)-k^2|\leq1/8,\quad v\geq1, \quad0\leq u\leq\varepsilon_k,\quad0\leq vw\leq\varepsilon_k\}.Kk​={(m,u,v,w):∣E(m,v)−k2∣≤1/8,v≥1,0≤u≤εk​,0≤vw≤εk​}.

Write X=R5X=\mathbb R^5X=R5, Y=R4Y=\mathbb R^4Y=R4, and let αx,t0\alpha_{x,t_0}αx,t0​​ be the maximal solution of α′=N(α)\alpha'=N(\alpha)α′=N(α) with initial value xxx at t0t_0t0​ and domain Imax⁡(x,t0)I_{\max}(x,t_0)Imax​(x,t0​). Put

Jx,t0(t)=dxαx,t0(t),Ψt0(y,t)=Π(αΞ(y),t0(t)),J_{x,t_0}(t)=d_x\alpha_{x,t_0}(t),\qquad \Psi_{t_0}(y,t)=\Pi(\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)),Jx,t0​​(t)=dx​αx,t0​​(t),Ψt0​​(y,t)=Π(αΞ(y),t0​​(t)), Jy,t0(t)=dΠαΞ(y),t0(t)∘JΞ(y),t0(t)∘dΞy.\mathcal J_{y,t_0}(t)=d\Pi_{\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)} \circ J_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)\circ d\Xi_y.Jy,t0​​(t)=dΠαΞ(y),t0​​(t)​∘JΞ(y),t0​​(t)∘dΞy​.

Write G(y)=6F(y)/D(y)G(y)=6F(y)/D(y)G(y)=6F(y)/D(y), λ(y)=6rydy/D(y)\lambda(y)=6r_yd_y/D(y)λ(y)=6ry​dy​/D(y), and Sk(R,U,P)=(R,kU,P)S_k(R,U,P)=(R,kU,P)Sk​(R,U,P)=(R,kU,P). Define

Pyξ=dηyξ−dθyξ V(θy,η(y)),Wy,t0,w(t)=PΨt0(y,t)(Jy,t0(t)w).\mathcal P_y\xi=d\eta_y\xi-d\theta_y\xi\,\mathcal V(\theta_y,\eta(y)), \qquad \mathcal W_{y,t_0,w}(t)= \mathcal P_{\Psi_{t_0}(y,t)}(\mathcal J_{y,t_0}(t)w).Py​ξ=dηy​ξ−dθy​ξV(θy​,η(y)),Wy,t0​,w​(t)=PΨt0​​(y,t)​(Jy,t0​​(t)w).

The entrance parametrization and radial exit factor are

e(k,u,w)=(1+k2−1,u,1,w),e(k,u,w)=(1+\sqrt{k^2-1},u,1,w),e(k,u,w)=(1+k2−1​,u,1,w), fy=V(θy,η(y))0,cy=−tanh⁡θy,hy=cy+fy/ry,ρy=cy/hy.f_y=\mathcal V(\theta_y,\eta(y))_0,\qquad c_y=-\tanh\theta_y, \qquad h_y=c_y+f_y/r_y,\qquad \rho_y=c_y/h_y.fy​=V(θy​,η(y))0​,cy​=−tanhθy​,hy​=cy​+fy​/ry​,ρy​=cy​/hy​.

For projective initial data yyy, put

Ay,t0(t)=1+(αΞ(y),t0(t))0.A_{y,t_0}(t)=1+(\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t))_0.Ay,t0​​(t)=1+(αΞ(y),t0​​(t))0​.

Coordinates of three-vectors are indexed by 0,1,20,1,20,1,2; projective coordinates are indexed by m,u,v,wm,u,v,wm,u,v,w.

For Y∈R3Y\in\mathbb R^3Y∈R3, put xY=Ξ(e(Y))x_Y=\Xi(e(Y))xY​=Ξ(e(Y)), βY(t)=Ψ0(e(Y),t)\beta_Y(t)=\Psi_0(e(Y),t)βY​(t)=Ψ0​(e(Y),t), and

HY={t>0:t∈Imax⁡(xY,0), (βY(t))v=1},T(Y)=inf⁡HY,F(Y)=η(βY(T(Y))).H_Y=\{t>0:t\in I_{\max}(x_Y,0),\ (\beta_Y(t))_v=1\}, \qquad T(Y)=\inf H_Y,\qquad F(Y)=\eta(\beta_Y(T(Y))).HY​={t>0:t∈Imax​(xY​,0), (βY​(t))v​=1},T(Y)=infHY​,F(Y)=η(βY​(T(Y))).

The infimum uses the total real-order convention. Write Valid⁡(Y)\operatorname{Valid}(Y)Valid(Y) when T(Y)T(Y)T(Y) is the least element of HYH_YHY​, every t∈[0,T(Y)]t\in[0,T(Y)]t∈[0,T(Y)] lies in Imax⁡(xY,0)I_{\max}(x_Y,0)Imax​(xY​,0) with Ae(Y),0(t)>0A_{e(Y),0}(t)>0Ae(Y),0​(t)>0, the active wall is strictly above one for 0<t<T(Y)0<t<T(Y)0<t<T(Y), and

dgαxY,0(T(Y))N(αxY,0(T(Y)))<0,g(x)=(Π(x))v.dg_{\alpha_{x_Y,0}(T(Y))}N(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(T(Y)))<0, \qquad g(x)=(\Pi(x))_v.dgαxY​,0​(T(Y))​N(αxY​,0​(T(Y)))<0,g(x)=(Π(x))v​.

All vector and operator norms below use the finite-product supremum norm. For real variables p,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,c, set

K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.K=a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca),\qquad S=p^2+s^2,\qquad C=S+K.K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.

The shear components and wall rates are

P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac,P=Kp-2a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-2bc+ac,P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac, Q=Ks+3(−b2+c2+ab−ac),Q=Ks+\sqrt{3}(-b^2+c^2+ab-ac),Q=Ks+3​(−b2+c2+ab−ac), r1=−S+2p,r2=−S−p+3s,r3=−S−p−3s.r_1=-S+2p,\qquad r_2=-S-p+\sqrt{3}s,\qquad r_3=-S-p-\sqrt{3}s.r1​=−S+2p,r2​=−S−p+3​s,r3​=−S−p−3​s.

These functions define the normalized vacuum Bianchi IX vector field (P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)(P,Q,r1​a,r2​b,r3​c). For y=(m,u,v,w)∈R4y=(m,u,v,w)\in\mathbb R^4y=(m,u,v,w)∈R4, define

K(u,v,w)=u2+v2+w2−2(uv+vw+wu),κ=u(v+w−u),K(u,v,w)=u^2+v^2+w^2-2(uv+vw+wu),\qquad \kappa=u(v+w-u),K(u,v,w)=u2+v2+w2−2(uv+vw+wu),κ=u(v+w−u), Fm=−v2+w2+u(v−w)−mκ,Fu=12(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)u,F_m=-v^2+w^2+u(v-w)-m\kappa,\qquad F_u=\tfrac12(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)u,Fm​=−v2+w2+u(v−w)−mκ,Fu​=21​(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)u, Fv=(m−1−κ)v,Fw=(−m−1−κ)w,F=(Fm,Fu,Fv,Fw),F_v=(m-1-\kappa)v,\qquad F_w=(-m-1-\kappa)w,\qquad F=(F_m,F_u,F_v,F_w),Fv​=(m−1−κ)v,Fw​=(−m−1−κ)w,F=(Fm​,Fu​,Fv​,Fw​),

and E(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2E(m,v)=(m-1)^2+v^2E(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2.

For x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c), put

ψ(p,z)=3 z1+p,Π(x)=(ψ(p,s),ψ(p,a),ψ(p,b),ψ(p,c)).\psi(p,z)=\frac{\sqrt3\,z}{1+p},\qquad \Pi(x)=(\psi(p,s),\psi(p,a),\psi(p,b),\psi(p,c)).ψ(p,z)=1+p3​z​,Π(x)=(ψ(p,s),ψ(p,a),ψ(p,b),ψ(p,c)).

For y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w), set D(y)=3+m2+K(u,v,w)D(y)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w)D(y)=3+m2+K(u,v,w) and

ΞA(y)=(A−1,Am3,Au3,Av3,Aw3),Ξ(y)=Ξ6/D(y)(y).\Xi_A(y)=\left(A-1,\frac{Am}{\sqrt3},\frac{Au}{\sqrt3}, \frac{Av}{\sqrt3},\frac{Aw}{\sqrt3}\right),\qquad \Xi(y)=\Xi_{6/D(y)}(y).ΞA​(y)=(A−1,3​Am​,3​Au​,3​Av​,3​Aw​),Ξ(y)=Ξ6/D(y)​(y).

Write N(x)=(P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)N(x)=(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)N(x)=(P,Q,r1​a,r2​b,r3​c) for the normalized vector field and C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)\mathcal C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c) for its constraint.

The normalized and projective state spaces are R5\mathbb R^5R5 and R4\mathbb R^4R4 with their finite-product norms. The maps Π,Ξ,D,F\Pi,\Xi,D,FΠ,Ξ,D,F act on these state spaces.

The projective vector field in normalized time is

G(y)=6D(y)F(y).G(y)=\frac6{D(y)}F(y).G(y)=D(y)6​F(y).

Write X=R5X=\mathbb R^5X=R5, Y=R4Y=\mathbb R^4Y=R4, and let αx,t0\alpha_{x,t_0}αx,t0​​ be the maximal solution of α′=N(α)\alpha'=N(\alpha)α′=N(α) with initial value xxx at t0t_0t0​ and domain Imax⁡(x,t0)I_{\max}(x,t_0)Imax​(x,t0​). Put

Jx,t0(t)=dxαx,t0(t),Ψt0(y,t)=Π(αΞ(y),t0(t)),J_{x,t_0}(t)=d_x\alpha_{x,t_0}(t),\qquad \Psi_{t_0}(y,t)=\Pi(\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)),Jx,t0​​(t)=dx​αx,t0​​(t),Ψt0​​(y,t)=Π(αΞ(y),t0​​(t)), Jy,t0(t)=dΠαΞ(y),t0(t)∘JΞ(y),t0(t)∘dΞy.\mathcal J_{y,t_0}(t)=d\Pi_{\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)} \circ J_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)\circ d\Xi_y.Jy,t0​​(t)=dΠαΞ(y),t0​​(t)​∘JΞ(y),t0​​(t)∘dΞy​.

Put c=u(v+w−u)c=u(v+w-u)c=u(v+w−u), s(m,u,v,w)=m−1−cs(m,u,v,w)=m-1-cs(m,u,v,w)=m−1−c, b(m,u,v,w)=(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)/2b(m,u,v,w)=(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)/2b(m,u,v,w)=(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)/2, D(m,u,v,w)=3+m2+K(u,v,w)D(m,u,v,w)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w)D(m,u,v,w)=3+m2+K(u,v,w), and r(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2r(m,v)=\sqrt{(m-1)^2+v^2}r(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2​.

Define

Cμ={(m,u,v,w):∣−m−μ∣≤1/2, 0≤u≤1/10000, 0≤v,w≤1},\mathcal C_\mu=\{(m,u,v,w):|-m-\mu|\leq1/2, \ 0\leq u\leq1/10000,\ 0\leq v,w\leq1\},Cμ​={(m,u,v,w):∣−m−μ∣≤1/2, 0≤u≤1/10000, 0≤v,w≤1}, ω−(y)=s(−ym,yu,yv,yw),H(y)=F(y)/ω−(y).\omega_-(y)=s(-y_m,y_u,y_v,y_w),\qquad H(y)=F(y)/\omega_-(y).ω−​(y)=s(−ym​,yu​,yv​,yw​),H(y)=F(y)/ω−​(y).

For a normalized trajectory write

β(t)=Π(αx,t0(t)),A(t)=1+(αx,t0(t))0,I=Imax⁡(x,t0).\beta(t)=\Pi(\alpha_{x,t_0}(t)),\quad A(t)=1+(\alpha_{x,t_0}(t))_0, \quad I=I_{\max}(x,t_0).β(t)=Π(αx,t0​​(t)),A(t)=1+(αx,t0​​(t))0​,I=Imax​(x,t0​).

For p=(μ,u,w)∈R3p=(\mu,u,w)\in\mathbb R^3p=(μ,u,w)∈R3, set e(p)=(−μ,u,1,w)e(p)=(-\mu,u,1,w)e(p)=(−μ,u,1,w), xp=Ξ(e(p))x_p=\Xi(e(p))xp​=Ξ(e(p)), and

T−(p)=inf⁡{t>0:t∈Imax⁡(xp,0), (Ψ0(e(p),t))w=1},P−(p)=Ψ0(e(p),T−(p)).T_-(p)=\inf\{t>0:t\in I_{\max}(x_p,0),\ (\Psi_0(e(p),t))_w=1\}, \qquad P_-(p)=\Psi_0(e(p),T_-(p)).T−​(p)=inf{t>0:t∈Imax​(xp​,0), (Ψ0​(e(p),t))w​=1},P−​(p)=Ψ0​(e(p),T−​(p)).

Let V−(p)V_-(p)V−​(p) mean that this infimum is a least element, the full interval [0,T−(p)][0,T_-(p)][0,T−​(p)] lies in the maximal domain with positive AAA, the growing wall is below one before the endpoint, and its normalized-time derivative is strictly positive at the endpoint. The infimum has its total real-order meaning.

Write e+(R,u,w)=(1+R2−1,u,1,w)e_+(R,u,w)=(1+\sqrt{R^2-1},u,1,w)e+​(R,u,w)=(1+R2−1​,u,1,w), e−(R,u,w)=(1−R2−1,u,1,w)e_-(R,u,w)=(1-\sqrt{R^2-1},u,1,w)e−​(R,u,w)=(1−R2−1​,u,1,w), p−(R,u,w)=(R2−1−1,u,w)p_-(R,u,w)=(\sqrt{R^2-1}-1,u,w)p−​(R,u,w)=(R2−1​−1,u,w), and R(m,u,v,w)=(−m,u,w,v)\mathcal R(m,u,v,w)=(-m,u,w,v)R(m,u,v,w)=(−m,u,w,v). The physical connection coordinates are

C(p)=((−P−(p)0−1)2+1,P−(p)1,P−(p)2).\mathscr C(p)=\left(\sqrt{(-P_-(p)_0-1)^2+1},P_-(p)_1,P_-(p)_2\right).C(p)=((−P−​(p)0​−1)2+1​,P−​(p)1​,P−​(p)2​).

Below TTT denotes the canonical core return time from e+e_+e+​ and F(Y)=η(Ψ0(e+(Y),T(Y)))F(Y)=\eta(\Psi_0(e_+(Y),T(Y)))F(Y)=η(Ψ0​(e+​(Y),T(Y))) its radial and wall coordinates. Let R(Y)=C(p−(Y))\mathscr R(Y)=\mathscr C(p_-(Y))R(Y)=C(p−​(Y)), tr(Y)=T−(p−(Y))t_r(Y)=T_-(p_-(Y))tr​(Y)=T−​(p−​(Y)), G=R∘FG=\mathscr R\circ FG=R∘F, and tG(Y)=T(Y)+tr(F(Y))t_G(Y)=T(Y)+t_r(F(Y))tG​(Y)=T(Y)+tr​(F(Y)). A cone direction at YYY has d0=1d_0=1d0​=1, ∣d1∣≤Y1|d_1|\leq\sqrt{Y_1}∣d1​∣≤Y1​​, ∣d2∣≤Y2|d_2|\leq\sqrt{Y_2}∣d2​∣≤Y2​​. For a map HHH with positive output walls, its positive cone property means dH(Y)ddH(Y)ddH(Y)d has positive radial component and ∣(dH(Y)d)i∣≤H(Y)i(dH(Y)d)0|(dH(Y)d)_i|\leq\sqrt{H(Y)_i}(dH(Y)d)_0∣(dH(Y)d)i​∣≤H(Y)i​​(dH(Y)d)0​ for i=1,2i=1,2i=1,2. For real variables p,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,cp,s,a,b,c, set

K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.K=a^2+b^2+c^2-2(ab+bc+ca),\qquad S=p^2+s^2,\qquad C=S+K.K=a2+b2+c2−2(ab+bc+ca),S=p2+s2,C=S+K.

The shear components and wall rates are

P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac,P=Kp-2a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-2bc+ac,P=Kp−2a2+b2+c2+ab−2bc+ac, Q=Ks+3(−b2+c2+ab−ac),Q=Ks+\sqrt{3}(-b^2+c^2+ab-ac),Q=Ks+3​(−b2+c2+ab−ac), r1=−S+2p,r2=−S−p+3s,r3=−S−p−3s.r_1=-S+2p,\qquad r_2=-S-p+\sqrt{3}s,\qquad r_3=-S-p-\sqrt{3}s.r1​=−S+2p,r2​=−S−p+3​s,r3​=−S−p−3​s.

These functions define the normalized vacuum Bianchi IX vector field (P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)(P,Q,r1​a,r2​b,r3​c). For y=(m,u,v,w)∈R4y=(m,u,v,w)\in\mathbb R^4y=(m,u,v,w)∈R4, define

K(u,v,w)=u2+v2+w2−2(uv+vw+wu),κ=u(v+w−u),K(u,v,w)=u^2+v^2+w^2-2(uv+vw+wu),\qquad \kappa=u(v+w-u),K(u,v,w)=u2+v2+w2−2(uv+vw+wu),κ=u(v+w−u), Fm=−v2+w2+u(v−w)−mκ,Fu=12(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)u,F_m=-v^2+w^2+u(v-w)-m\kappa,\qquad F_u=\tfrac12(1-m^2-(v-w)^2+u^2)u,Fm​=−v2+w2+u(v−w)−mκ,Fu​=21​(1−m2−(v−w)2+u2)u, Fv=(m−1−κ)v,Fw=(−m−1−κ)w,F=(Fm,Fu,Fv,Fw),F_v=(m-1-\kappa)v,\qquad F_w=(-m-1-\kappa)w,\qquad F=(F_m,F_u,F_v,F_w),Fv​=(m−1−κ)v,Fw​=(−m−1−κ)w,F=(Fm​,Fu​,Fv​,Fw​),

and E(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2E(m,v)=(m-1)^2+v^2E(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2.

For x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c)x=(p,s,a,b,c), put

ψ(p,z)=3 z1+p,Π(x)=(ψ(p,s),ψ(p,a),ψ(p,b),ψ(p,c)).\psi(p,z)=\frac{\sqrt3\,z}{1+p},\qquad \Pi(x)=(\psi(p,s),\psi(p,a),\psi(p,b),\psi(p,c)).ψ(p,z)=1+p3​z​,Π(x)=(ψ(p,s),ψ(p,a),ψ(p,b),ψ(p,c)).

For y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w), set D(y)=3+m2+K(u,v,w)D(y)=3+m^2+K(u,v,w)D(y)=3+m2+K(u,v,w) and

ΞA(y)=(A−1,Am3,Au3,Av3,Aw3),Ξ(y)=Ξ6/D(y)(y).\Xi_A(y)=\left(A-1,\frac{Am}{\sqrt3},\frac{Au}{\sqrt3}, \frac{Av}{\sqrt3},\frac{Aw}{\sqrt3}\right),\qquad \Xi(y)=\Xi_{6/D(y)}(y).ΞA​(y)=(A−1,3​Am​,3​Au​,3​Av​,3​Aw​),Ξ(y)=Ξ6/D(y)​(y).

Write N(x)=(P,Q,r1a,r2b,r3c)N(x)=(P,Q,r_1a,r_2b,r_3c)N(x)=(P,Q,r1​a,r2​b,r3​c) for the normalized vector field and C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)\mathcal C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c)C(x)=C(p,s,a,b,c) for its constraint.

The normalized and projective state spaces are R5\mathbb R^5R5 and R4\mathbb R^4R4 with their finite-product norms. The maps Π,Ξ,D,F\Pi,\Xi,D,FΠ,Ξ,D,F act on these state spaces.

The projective vector field in normalized time is

G(y)=6D(y)F(y).G(y)=\frac6{D(y)}F(y).G(y)=D(y)6​F(y).

Write X=R5X=\mathbb R^5X=R5, Y=R4Y=\mathbb R^4Y=R4, and let αx,t0\alpha_{x,t_0}αx,t0​​ be the maximal solution of α′=N(α)\alpha'=N(\alpha)α′=N(α) with initial value xxx at t0t_0t0​ and domain Imax⁡(x,t0)I_{\max}(x,t_0)Imax​(x,t0​). Put

Jx,t0(t)=dxαx,t0(t),Ψt0(y,t)=Π(αΞ(y),t0(t)),J_{x,t_0}(t)=d_x\alpha_{x,t_0}(t),\qquad \Psi_{t_0}(y,t)=\Pi(\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)),Jx,t0​​(t)=dx​αx,t0​​(t),Ψt0​​(y,t)=Π(αΞ(y),t0​​(t)), Jy,t0(t)=dΠαΞ(y),t0(t)∘JΞ(y),t0(t)∘dΞy.\mathcal J_{y,t_0}(t)=d\Pi_{\alpha_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)} \circ J_{\Xi(y),t_0}(t)\circ d\Xi_y.Jy,t0​​(t)=dΠαΞ(y),t0​​(t)​∘JΞ(y),t0​​(t)∘dΞy​.

For Y=(k,u,w)∈R3Y=(k,u,w)\in\mathbb R^3Y=(k,u,w)∈R3, define

e−(Y)=(1−k2−1,u,1,w),xY=Ξ(e−(Y)),βY(t)=Ψ0(e−(Y),t),g(x)=(Π(x))v.e_-(Y)=(1-\sqrt{k^2-1},u,1,w),\quad x_Y=\Xi(e_-(Y)),\quad \beta_Y(t)=\Psi_0(e_-(Y),t),\quad g(x)=(\Pi(x))_v.e−​(Y)=(1−k2−1​,u,1,w),xY​=Ξ(e−​(Y)),βY​(t)=Ψ0​(e−​(Y),t),g(x)=(Π(x))v​.

For any real height η\etaη, put

Hη,Y={t>0:t∈Imax⁡(xY,0), g(αxY,0(t))=η},H_{\eta,Y}=\{t>0:t\in I_{\max}(x_Y,0),\ g(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t))=\eta\},Hη,Y​={t>0:t∈Imax​(xY​,0), g(αxY​,0​(t))=η}, Tη(Y)=inf⁡Hη,Y,Pη(Y)=βY(Tη(Y)).T_\eta(Y)=\inf H_{\eta,Y},\qquad P_\eta(Y)=\beta_Y(T_\eta(Y)).Tη​(Y)=infHη,Y​,Pη​(Y)=βY​(Tη​(Y)).

The infimum uses the total real-order convention. Let TailValid⁡η(Y)\operatorname{TailValid}_\eta(Y)TailValidη​(Y) mean that Tη(Y)T_\eta(Y)Tη​(Y) is the least element of Hη,YH_{\eta,Y}Hη,Y​, and, writing T=Tη(Y)T=T_\eta(Y)T=Tη​(Y), that

t∈Imax⁡(xY,0),1+(αxY,0(t))0>0(0≤t≤T),t\in I_{\max}(x_Y,0),\quad 1+(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t))_0>0 \quad(0\leq t\leq T),t∈Imax​(xY​,0),1+(αxY​,0​(t))0​>0(0≤t≤T), g(αxY,0(t))>η(0≤t<T),g(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t))>\eta\quad(0\leq t<T),g(αxY​,0​(t))>η(0≤t<T), dgαxY,0(t)N(αxY,0(t))<0,∣(Π(αxY,0(t)))w∣<1/2(0≤t≤T).dg_{\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t)}N(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t))<0,\quad |(\Pi(\alpha_{x_Y,0}(t)))_w|<1/2\quad(0\leq t\leq T).dgαxY​,0​(t)​N(αxY​,0​(t))<0,∣(Π(αxY​,0​(t)))w​∣<1/2(0≤t≤T).

All vector and operator norms use the finite-product supremum norms.

For y∈R4y\in\mathbb R^4y∈R4, put xy=Ξ(y)x_y=\Xi(y)xy​=Ξ(y),

T+(y)=inf⁡{t>0:t∈Imax⁡(xy,0), (Ψ0(y,t))v=1},P+(y)=Ψ0(y,T+(y)).T_+(y)=\inf\{t>0:t\in I_{\max}(x_y,0),\ (\Psi_0(y,t))_v=1\}, \qquad P_+(y)=\Psi_0(y,T_+(y)).T+​(y)=inf{t>0:t∈Imax​(xy​,0), (Ψ0​(y,t))v​=1},P+​(y)=Ψ0​(y,T+​(y)).

Let V+(y)V_+(y)V+​(y) mean that this infimum is a least element, the full interval [0,T+(y)][0,T_+(y)][0,T+​(y)] lies in the maximal domain with 1+(αxy,0(t))0>01+(\alpha_{x_y,0}(t))_0>01+(αxy​,0​(t))0​>0, the active wall is below one before the endpoint, and its normalized-time derivative is strictly positive throughout the interval. The infimum has its total real-order meaning.

For y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w)y=(m,u,v,w) define the cyclic chart by

H(y)=(m+1)2+K(u,v,w),A(y)=(1−4(m+1)/H,4v/H,4w/H,4u/H).H(y)=(m+1)^2+K(u,v,w),\qquad \mathcal A(y)=(1-4(m+1)/H,4v/H,4w/H,4u/H).H(y)=(m+1)2+K(u,v,w),A(y)=(1−4(m+1)/H,4v/H,4w/H,4u/H).

Its normalized symmetry is

A(p,s,a,b,c)=((−p+3s)/2,(−3p−s)/2,b,c,a).A(p,s,a,b,c)=((-p+\sqrt3s)/2,(-\sqrt3p-s)/2,b,c,a).A(p,s,a,b,c)=((−p+3​s)/2,(−3​p−s)/2,b,c,a).

Put zh(Y)=A(Ph(Y))z_h(Y)=\mathcal A(P_h(Y))zh​(Y)=A(Ph​(Y)) and

T(h,Y)=Th(Y)+T+(zh(Y)),P(h,Y)=P+(zh(Y)),xYc=AΞ(e−(Y)).\mathcal T(h,Y)=T_h(Y)+T_+(z_h(Y)),\qquad \mathcal P(h,Y)=P_+(z_h(Y)),\qquad x_Y^c=A\Xi(e_-(Y)).T(h,Y)=Th​(Y)+T+​(zh​(Y)),P(h,Y)=P+​(zh​(Y)),xYc​=AΞ(e−​(Y)).

Write r(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2r(m,v)=\sqrt{(m-1)^2+v^2}r(m,v)=(m−1)2+v2​ and g∗(x)=(Π(x))vg_*(x)=(\Pi(x))_vg∗​(x)=(Π(x))v​.

In the era formulas below, FFF denotes the core return map and G=R∘FG=\mathscr R\circ FG=R∘F its composition with reflection. For Z=(R,u,w)Z=(R,u,w)Z=(R,u,w) use the natural height h∗(Z)=η((R−2)/2)Jh_*(Z)=\eta((R-2)/2)^Jh∗​(Z)=η((R−2)/2)J and define S∗(Z)=P(h∗(Z),Z)S_*(Z)=\mathcal P(h_*(Z),Z)S∗​(Z)=P(h∗​(Z),Z), R∗(Z)=r(S∗(Z)0,S∗(Z)2)R_*(Z)=r(S_*(Z)_0,S_*(Z)_2)R∗​(Z)=r(S∗​(Z)0​,S∗​(Z)2​), Q∗(Z)=2/R∗(Z)Q_*(Z)=2/R_*(Z)Q∗​(Z)=2/R∗​(Z) and t∗(Z)=T(h∗(Z),Z)t_*(Z)=\mathcal T(h_*(Z),Z)t∗​(Z)=T(h∗​(Z),Z). The complete era maps are

Zm=F∘Gm,Sm=S∗∘Zm,Rm=R∗∘Zm,Pm=2/Rm.Z_m=F\circ G^m,\qquad S_m=S_*\circ Z_m,\qquad R_m=R_*\circ Z_m,\qquad P_m=2/R_m.Zm​=F∘Gm,Sm​=S∗​∘Zm​,Rm​=R∗​∘Zm​,Pm​=2/Rm​.

For a graph Γ=(U,W)\Gamma=(U,W)Γ=(U,W) write Γ[r]=(r,U(r),W(r))\Gamma[r]=(r,U(r),W(r))Γ[r]=(r,U(r),W(r)), ϕm(r)=Pm(Γ[r])\phi_m(r)=P_m(\Gamma[r])ϕm​(r)=Pm​(Γ[r]), km(r)=Rm(Γ[r])k_m(r)=R_m(\Gamma[r])km​(r)=Rm​(Γ[r]), um(r)=Sm(Γ[r])1u_m(r)=S_m(\Gamma[r])_1um​(r)=Sm​(Γ[r])1​, wm(r)=Sm(Γ[r])3w_m(r)=S_m(\Gamma[r])_3wm​(r)=Sm​(Γ[r])3​. Let Inv⁡a,b(f)\operatorname{Inv}_{a,b}(f)Inva,b​(f) denote Lean's total choice inverse invFunOn⁡f [a,b]\operatorname{invFunOn}f\,[a,b]invFunOnf[a,b]. For a=2(m+1+β)a=2(m+1+\beta)a=2(m+1+β), b=2(m+2−β)b=2(m+2-\beta)b=2(m+2−β), define

gm=Inv⁡a,b(ϕm),hm(y)=2/gm(y).g_m=\operatorname{Inv}_{a,b}(\phi_m),\qquad h_m(y)=2/g_m(y).gm​=Inva,b​(ϕm​),hm​(y)=2/gm​(y).

Write γn(y)=1/(n+y)\gamma_n(y)=1/(n+y)γn​(y)=1/(n+y) for the Gauss inverse branch. The retained phase set is HN=⋃m<N(hm(1−2β),hm(2β))\mathcal H_N=\bigcup_{m<N}(h_m(1-2\beta),h_m(2\beta))HN​=⋃m<N​(hm​(1−2β),hm​(2β)). For 0<η≤1/400000<\eta\leq1/400000<η≤1/40000 and J≥20J\geq20J≥20 there are C≥1C\geq1C≥1, 0<ε≤10<\varepsilon\leq10<ε≤1 such that, whenever 0<α≤10<\alpha\leq10<α≤1, 0<b≤εα2J0<b\leq\varepsilon\alpha^{2J}0<b≤εα2J, u,w>0u,w>0u,w>0, u+w≤bu+w\leq bu+w≤b, and Y=(2+2α,u,w)Y=(2+2\alpha,u,w)Y=(2+2α,u,w),

S∗(Y)1,S∗(Y)3>0,S∗(Y)1+S∗(Y)3≤Cb19/10.S_*(Y)_1,S_*(Y)_3>0,\qquad S_*(Y)_1+S_*(Y)_3\leq Cb^{19/10}.S∗​(Y)1​,S∗​(Y)3​>0,S∗​(Y)1​+S∗​(Y)3​≤Cb19/10.
Preamble
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_Normalized
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_Projective
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_AxisMaps
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_Coordinates
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_CoreAngle
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_WallEvolution
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveState
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Algebra_ConnectionBounds
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveRegularity
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_MaximalFlow
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveClock
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_Events
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_ProjectiveFlowVariation
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_TerminalConnectionData
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_EntranceRegion
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_CoreTail
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_Dynamics_EntranceReturn
import Definitions.Def_BianchiIX_TerminalConeData
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Operations
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Mul
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Pow
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Mul
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Add
import Mathlib.Analysis.Real.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Tactic.Linarith
import Mathlib.Tactic.Ring
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Prod
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Data.Fin.VecNotation
import Mathlib.Tactic.FinCases
import Mathlib.Tactic.FunProp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Deriv
import Mathlib.Tactic.FieldSimp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Integrals.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.ExistUnique
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Partial
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ImplicitContDiff
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Inv
import Mathlib.Tactic.LinearCombination
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arcosh
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.FundThmCalculus
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.InverseFunctionTheorem.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.MeanValue
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.IntermediateValue
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.Compact
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Real.Lemmas
import Mathlib.Tactic.NormNum
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Symmetric
import Mathlib.Tactic.Module
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Arsinh
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Sqrt
import Mathlib.Data.Matrix.Mul
import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Fin
import Mathlib.Data.Real.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.ODE.Gronwall
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.ArctanDeriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Trigonometric.DerivHyp
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.DistLEIntegral
import Mathlib.Tactic.GCongr
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Slope
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.OrderClosed
import Mathlib.Topology.MetricSpace.Thickening
import Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Module.FiniteDimension
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Determinant
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Matrix
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Trace
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FDeriv.Analytic
import Mathlib.Topology.Algebra.Module.Determinant
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Pi
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ParametricIntervalIntegral
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.DominatedConvergence
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Deriv
import Mathlib.Topology.Order.ProjIcc
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.ToLin
import Mathlib.Tactic.Positivity
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Comp
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Comp
import Mathlib.Topology.MetricSpace.Cauchy
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.UniformLimitsDeriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.InverseFunctionTheorem.ContDiff
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.ImproperIntegrals
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ParametricIntegral
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.Bochner.ContinuousLinearMap
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.ExpDeriv
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.IntegrationByParts
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Real
import Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Operator.Basic
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Notation
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.ContDiff.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Continuity

noncomputable section
open BianchiIX

Formal statement
theorem BianchiIX.exists_terminalNatural_amplitude_bound {η : ℝ} (hη : 0 < η ∧ η ≤ 1 / 40000)
    {J : ℕ} (hJ : 20 ≤ J) :
    ∃ C ≥ (1 : ℝ), ∃ ε > (0 : ℝ), ε ≤ 1 ∧ ∀ α b U W : ℝ,
      (0 < α ∧ α ≤ 1) → 0 < b → b ≤ ε * α ^ (2 * J) →
      |U| + |W| ≤ b → 0 < U → 0 < W →
      let Y : ExitTailState := ![2 + 2 * α, U, W]
      0 < terminalNaturalState η J Y 1 ∧ 0 < terminalNaturalState η J Y 3 ∧
        terminalNaturalState η J Y 1 + terminalNaturalState η J Y 3 ≤ C * b ^ (19 / 10 : ℝ) := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/l46430640-del/ERA-STATISTICS-FORMAL/blob/d74c241819f896ab8d050b21ace80c8e90eabd9e/BianchiIX/Dynamics/TerminalNaturalAmplitude.lean#L9-L89

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