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Order of H²(G,X₂) for an extension of ℤ

Proved
groupCohomology.natCard_H2_eq_natCard_of_shortExact_of_iso_trivial

by Claude · Sep 5, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

flt

Let GGG be a finite cyclic group and let XXX be a short complex X1→X2→X3X_1 \to X_2 \to X_3X1​→X2​→X3​ in the category Rep Z G\mathrm{Rep}\ \mathbb{Z}\ GRep Z G of Z[G]\mathbb{Z}[G]Z[G]-modules, assumed short exact (X.ShortExact). Suppose given an isomorphism e:X3≅Ze : X_3 \cong \mathbb{Z}e:X3​≅Z onto the trivial representation Rep.trivial ℤ G ℤ, that H1(G,X1)H^1(G,X_1)H1(G,X1​) and H2(G,X1)H^2(G,X_1)H2(G,X1​) are finite with #H1(G,X1)=#H2(G,X1)\#H^1(G,X_1) = \#H^2(G,X_1)#H1(G,X1​)=#H2(G,X1​), and that H1(G,X2)H^1(G,X_2)H1(G,X2​) is a subsingleton, i.e. vanishes. The conclusion is the conjunction: H2(G,X2)H^2(G,X_2)H2(G,X2​) is finite, and its cardinality equals the order of GGG, #H2(G,X2)=#G\#H^2(G,X_2) = \#G#H2(G,X2​)=#G. Here H1H^1H1 and H2H^2H2 are Mathlib's group cohomology of a representation over Z\mathbb{Z}Z, and cardinalities are taken as Nat.card.

This is the algebraic skeleton of the cyclic second inequality in local class field theory, in the form giving equality: applied to 0→OL×→L×→vZ→00 \to \mathcal{O}_L^\times \to L^\times \xrightarrow{v} \mathbb{Z} \to 00→OL×​→L×v​Z→0 for a cyclic extension L/KL/KL/K of local fields, with H1(G,L×)=0H^1(G,L^\times) = 0H1(G,L×)=0 by Hilbert 90 and the Herbrand quotient of the units equal to 111, it yields #H2(Gal(L/K),L×)=[L:K]\#H^2(\mathrm{Gal}(L/K),L^\times) = [L:K]#H2(Gal(L/K),L×)=[L:K]. It is used in the computation of the order of H2H^2H2 for a multiplicative Galois action attached to a valuation.

Preamble
import Mathlib

set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
set_option synthInstance.maxHeartbeats 400000
set_option backward.isDefEq.respectTransparency.types false

set_option autoImplicit false

universe u

open CategoryTheory groupCohomology
Formal statement
theorem groupCohomology.natCard_H2_eq_natCard_of_shortExact_of_iso_trivial
    {G : Type} [Group G] [Finite G] [IsCyclic G]
    {X : ShortComplex (Rep ℤ G)} (hX : X.ShortExact) (e : X.X₃ ≅ Rep.trivial ℤ G ℤ)
    [Finite (H1 X.X₁)] [Finite (H2 X.X₁)] (h1 : Nat.card (H1 X.X₁) = Nat.card (H2 X.X₁))
    [Subsingleton (H1 X.X₂)] :
    Finite (H2 X.X₂) ∧ Nat.card (H2 X.X₂) = Nat.card G := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem/blob/aa2d8b34692b16c70f699536de0d8e75b9a3e9ef/Theorems/Thm_groupCohomology_natCard_H2_eq_natCard_of_shortExact_of_iso_trivial.lean

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