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Monod, p. 2 — G(ℤ) with rational breakpoints is exactly the set of its piecewise elements

Proved
Monod.mem_GRat_iff

by dbenbenn · Oct 3, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

group-theorypiecewise-projectivethompsons-group

A homeomorphism fff of the projective line P1=R∪{∞}\mathbf P^1 = \mathbb R \cup \{\infty\}P1=R∪{∞} lies in GRat, the subgroup of Gpp generated by the homeomorphisms that are piecewise in PSL2(Z)\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb Z)PSL2​(Z) with all breakpoints in Q∪{∞}\mathbb Q \cup \{\infty\}Q∪{∞}, exactly when fff itself is such a homeomorphism: f∈f \inf∈ Gpp and IsPiecewiseProjOn ⊥ ratPoints f. So the generated subgroup adds nothing: these elements already form a group.

GRat, Gpp, IsPiecewiseProjOn and ratPoints (the set Q∪{∞}\mathbb Q \cup \{\infty\}Q∪{∞}) are from the Monod definitions bundle, where ⊥ is the subring Z\mathbb ZZ of R\mathbb RR.

Monod writes on p. 2: “The relation is as follows: if we modify the definition of H(Z)H(\mathbf{Z})H(Z) by requiring that the breakpoints be rational, then all its elements are automatically C1C^1C1 and the resulting group is conjugated to FFF. The corresponding relation holds between G(Z)G(\mathbf{Z})G(Z) and Thompson’s group TTT.” The bundle defines “G(Z)G(\mathbf{Z})G(Z) with rational breakpoints” as a generated subgroup; this theorem says it is the set of rational-breakpoint elements, the group Monod's sentence speaks of, so that the published Thurston statements about GRat and HRat (conjugacy to Thompson's groups TTT and FFF) are about Monod's groups. The proof follows the one for G(A)G(A)G(A) (Monod.mem_G_iff_isPiecewiseProj): a Möbius map with integer entries sends Q∪{∞}\mathbb Q \cup \{\infty\}Q∪{∞} to itself, so the breakpoints of a composite stay rational.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Monod_PiecewiseProjective
Formal statement
namespace Monod

theorem mem_GRat_iff (f : OnePoint ℝ ≃ₜ OnePoint ℝ) :
    f ∈ GRat ↔ f ∈ Gpp ∧ IsPiecewiseProjOn ⊥ ratPoints f := by
  sorry

end Monod
Source
Monod, N., Groups of piecewise projective homeomorphisms, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110 (2013) 4524–4527, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1218426110 (arXiv:1209.5229v2, whose page numbers are used), p. 2

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