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Vacuum certificate: Schwarzschild in ingoing Eddington–Finkelstein coordinates, all real MMM

Proved
ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.EF.cert_ingoing

by He Wang · Oct 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

coordinate-geometryeddington-finkelsteinexact-vacuum-atlasgeneral-relativityricci-flatnessschwarzschild-metricvacuum-certificate

Let MMM be an arbitrary real number. Consider the ingoing form gM,1EFg^{\rm EF}_{M,1}gM,1EF​ (gvr=1g_{vr}=1gvr​=1) of the Eddington–Finkelstein family gM,εEFg^{\rm EF}_{M,\varepsilon}gM,εEF​ (bundle Atlas_Schwarzschild_Defs, coordinates (w,r,θ,φ)(w,r,\theta,\varphi)(w,r,θ,φ) with w=vw=vw=v for ε=1\varepsilon=1ε=1 ingoing and w=uw=uw=u for ε=−1\varepsilon=-1ε=−1 outgoing): gww=−(1−2M/r)g_{ww}=-(1-2M/r)gww​=−(1−2M/r), gwr=grw=εg_{wr}=g_{rw}=\varepsilongwr​=grw​=ε, gθθ=r2g_{\theta\theta}=r^2gθθ​=r2, gφφ=r2sin⁡2θg_{\varphi\varphi}=r^2\sin^2\thetagφφ​=r2sin2θ, other entries 000, with candidate inverse g^wr=g^rw=ε\hat g^{wr}=\hat g^{rw}=\varepsilong^​wr=g^​rw=ε, g^rr=1−2M/r\hat g^{rr}=1-2M/rg^​rr=1−2M/r, g^θθ=1/r2\hat g^{\theta\theta}=1/r^2g^​θθ=1/r2, g^φφ=1/(r2sin⁡2θ)\hat g^{\varphi\varphi}=1/(r^2\sin^2\theta)g^​φφ=1/(r2sin2θ), other entries 000, on UEF={x: r>0, 0<θ<π}U^{\rm EF}=\{x:\ r>0,\ 0<\theta<\pi\}UEF={x: r>0, 0<θ<π} (w,φw,\varphiw,φ arbitrary; for M>0M>0M>0 it includes the regular-coordinate portion of r=2Mr=2Mr=2M with 0<θ<π0<\theta<\pi0<θ<π, but not the polar axis, angular identifications or global horizon geometry). Then

VacuumCertificate(gM,1EF, g^M,1EF, UEF).\mathrm{VacuumCertificate}\big(g^{\rm EF}_{M,1},\ \hat g^{\rm EF}_{M,1},\ U^{\rm EF}\big).VacuumCertificate(gM,1EF​, g^​M,1EF​, UEF).

VacuumCertificate(g,g^,U)\mathrm{VacuumCertificate}(g,\hat g,U)VacuumCertificate(g,g^​,U) (bundle Atlas_Core_Certificate) is the conjunction of eight obligations: UUU is open and nonempty; gij(x)=gji(x)g_{ij}(x)=g_{ji}(x)gij​(x)=gji​(x) for x∈Ux\in Ux∈U; g^(x) g(x)=I4\hat g(x)\,g(x)=I_4g^​(x)g(x)=I4​ for every x∈Ux\in Ux∈U; every component of ggg and of g^\hat gg^​ is C∞C^\inftyC∞ on UUU; at every x∈Ux\in Ux∈U there is an invertible matrix EEE with ETg(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1)E^{\mathsf T}g(x)E=\mathrm{diag}(-1,1,1,1)ETg(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1) (Lorentzian signature); and all sixteen components Rbd(x)R_{bd}(x)Rbd​(x), b,d∈{0,1,2,3}b,d\in\{0,1,2,3\}b,d∈{0,1,2,3}, of the coordinate Ricci tensor built from ggg and g^\hat gg^​ vanish for x∈Ux\in Ux∈U.

Row 4 of the atlas; for M>0M>0M>0 the domain includes the regular-coordinate portion of r=2Mr=2Mr=2M with 0<θ<π0<\theta<\pi0<θ<π (a witness point is given in ExactVacuumAtlas.Release01.coverage).

Formalization Note Everything is coordinate-level on R4\mathbb R^4R4 (points are functions {0,1,2,3}→R\{0,1,2,3\}\to\mathbb R{0,1,2,3}→R): no manifold, chart gluing, periodicity of φ\varphiφ, horizon, causal or global statement is made. Partial derivatives are Mathlib's deriv of coordinate slices; the certificates' C∞C^\inftyC∞ obligations make every derivative used a genuine derivative. Units G=c=1G=c=1G=c=1, signature (−,+,+,+)(-,+,+,+)(−,+,+,+).

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Basic
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Certificate
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Lift
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Defs
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Domain
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_EFCertParts
open Real
open scoped ContDiff
open ExactVacuumAtlas ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild
open ExactVacuumAtlas
open ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild
open ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.EF
set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
Formal statement
theorem ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.EF.cert_ingoing (M : ℝ) : VacuumCertificate (gEF M 1) (giEF M 1) domEF := by sorry
Source
Müller–Grave catalogue eq. eddFinkel: ds² = −(1−r_s/r) dv² + 2 dv dr + r² dΩ², v = t + r + r_s ln(r − r_s); outgoing form with u = t − r − r_s ln|r − r_s|; coordinate Christoffel symbols and Ricci tensor: Müller–Grave catalogue.tex lines 277–281 (eq. ChristoffelSymbols), 287–290 (eq. RiemannTensor), 305–307 (R_{μν}=R^ρ_{μρν}), verified by the independent review 2026-10-13; R. M. Wald, General Relativity (1984) eqs. (3.1.30), (3.4.4)–(3.4.5) author-cited (not reviewer-verified); same formulas as platform definition KerrBL_CoordGeometry (id bbec007a-159a-4623-916d-f1cafab3e353); Lean source: repository ExactVacuumAtlas (private repository, not publicly accessible; GitHub remote pending (no GitHub identity on the build server)), commit c36fccb85f270caf981a2bfd2549438988b22880 (contains the 2026-10-13 proof-script fix of EF.cert for the platform 300 s limit; statements unchanged; also at HEAD 0194b9441ce4503d9d9d920b5f42264c78fd0a7c), Atlas/Schwarzschild/EFCert.lean#L44-L46 (module Atlas.Schwarzschild.EFCert, file sha256 fdd9483e959efe66edc0529f73a7cb816ff859a12307df0202c0dd7de49b49d9; uploaded stub = platform_mirror/Theorems/Thm_ExactVacuumAtlas_Schwarzschild_EF_cert_ingoing.lean)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by He Wang · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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