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The graph distance between two vertices of a bounded H-polytope is attained by a walk

Proved
Hirsch.gdist_reach

by WillR · Sep 6, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

graph-diameterhirsch-conjecturepolytopes

Let P={x∈Rd:⟨ai,x⟩≤bi, i<n}P=\{x\in\mathbb{R}^d:\langle a_i,x\rangle\le b_i,\ i<n\}P={x∈Rd:⟨ai​,x⟩≤bi​, i<n} be a bounded H-polytope and let u,vu,vu,v be vertices (extreme points) of PPP. Write gdistP(u,v)\mathrm{gdist}_P(u,v)gdistP​(u,v) for the combinatorial distance in the vertex-edge graph of PPP: the least LLL such that there is a walk of exactly LLL steps from uuu to vvv, each step stationary or along an edge (Reach, from the definition Hirsch_walk). Then this least length is attained:

Reach(P, gdistP(u,v), u, v).\mathrm{Reach}\bigl(P,\ \mathrm{gdist}_P(u,v),\ u,\ v\bigr).Reach(P, gdistP​(u,v), u, v).

The content is that the set of walk lengths is nonempty, i.e. that the graph of a bounded polytope is connected (Balinski; on the platform, Hirsch.face_connected or Hirsch.graph_connected_general), after which the infimum of a nonempty set of naturals is a member. This is the basic bridge between the distance function gdist\mathrm{gdist}gdist and explicit walks, used by every layer-by-distance argument.

Formalization Note gdist is defined as sInf of the set of walk lengths and takes the junk value 000 when no walk exists; boundedness is what rules that case out here.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Hirsch_model
import Definitions.Def_Hirsch_walk

open scoped RealInnerProductSpace
Formal statement
namespace Hirsch

theorem gdist_reach (d n : ℕ)
    (a : Fin n → EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin d)) (b : Fin n → ℝ)
    (hbd : Bornology.IsBounded (Hpoly a b))
    (u v : EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin d))
    (hu : u ∈ Set.extremePoints ℝ (Hpoly a b)) (hv : v ∈ Set.extremePoints ℝ (Hpoly a b)) :
    Reach (Hpoly a b) (gdist (Hpoly a b) u v) u v := by sorry

end Hirsch
Source
Connectivity of the graph of a polytope: M. Balinski, On the graph structure of convex polyhedra in n-space, Pacific J. Math. 11 (1961) 431-434; Prove2Me theorems Hirsch.face_connected (ca7052f3-8364-4864-857f-55df4f138c51) and Hirsch.graph_connected_general (8b17b820-f7a3-42e4-89a3-efd89fad4f3b). Distance/walk vocabulary: definition Hirsch_walk.

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