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P∗=(0,1,−1,−5)P^*=(0,1,-1,-5)P∗=(0,1,−1,−5) and (0,1,−1,−5,3)(0,1,-1,-5,3)(0,1,−1,−5,3) are tree-safe

Proved
Erdos195.pstar_tree_safe

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

Tree orders: for a tree witness θ(k,r)∈{0,1}\theta(k,r)\in\{0,1\}θ(k,r)∈{0,1} and distinct integers x,yx,yx,y with k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x), x≺θyx\prec_\theta yx≺θ​y iff bitk(x)=θ(k, x mod 2k)\mathrm{bit}_k(x)=\theta(k,\,x\bmod 2^k)bitk​(x)=θ(k,xmod2k). A finite word QQQ is θ\thetaθ-safe if "QQQ in order, then all other integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" has no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression; it is tree-safe if it is θ\thetaθ-safe for some θ\thetaθ. An in-order pair aaa before bbb in QQQ is open if 2b−a,3b−2a∉Q2b-a,3b-2a\notin Q2b−a,3b−2a∈/Q. Let P∗=(0,1,−1,−5)P^*=(0,1,-1,-5)P∗=(0,1,−1,−5). With θ(k,r)=[k≤1]\theta(k,r)=[k\le1]θ(k,r)=[k≤1], both

P∗=(0,1,−1,−5)and(0,1,−1,−5,3)P^*=(0,1,-1,-5)\quad\text{and}\quad(0,1,-1,-5,3)P∗=(0,1,−1,−5)and(0,1,−1,−5,3)

are θ\thetaθ-safe.

Formalization note: treeLt is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree; Safe, bitOne from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs; positions are List.idxOf, ν2\nu_2ν2​ is padicValInt 2, L <+: Q means LLL is a prefix of QQQ.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem pstar_tree_safe :
    Safe (treeLt fun k _ => decide (k ≤ 1)) [0, 1, -1, -5] ∧
    Safe (treeLt fun k _ => decide (k ≤ 1)) [0, 1, -1, -5, 3] := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); statement from GPT 6 Astra (Oct 23 2026 tree answers), Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung

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