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Two failures of the one-relation form give two real logarithms of algebraic numbers with algebraic product

Proved
Diaz.two_failures_give_algebraic_log_product

by carlok · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theory

Statement. Suppose the relation "t≠0t\neq 0t=0 with ete^{t}et algebraic ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ t2+π2t^{2}+\pi^{2}t2+π2 transcendental" fails at t1t_{1}t1​ and at t2t_{2}t2​: both et1,et2e^{t_{1}},e^{t_{2}}et1​,et2​ are algebraic and both ti2+π2t_{i}^{2}+\pi^{2}ti2​+π2 are algebraic. Then t1+t2t_{1}+t_{2}t1​+t2​ and t1−t2t_{1}-t_{2}t1​−t2​ are again real logarithms of algebraic numbers --- log⁡β1β2\log\beta_{1}\beta_{2}logβ1​β2​ and log⁡(β1/β2)\log(\beta_{1}/\beta_{2})log(β1​/β2​) --- their product

(t1+t2)(t1−t2)=t12−t22=(t12+π2)−(t22+π2)(t_{1}+t_{2})(t_{1}-t_{2})=t_{1}^{2}-t_{2}^{2} =(t_{1}^{2}+\pi^{2})-(t_{2}^{2}+\pi^{2})(t1​+t2​)(t1​−t2​)=t12​−t22​=(t12​+π2)−(t22​+π2)

is algebraic, and it is non-zero as soon as t12≠t22t_{1}^{2}\neq t_{2}^{2}t12​=t22​.

Read contrapositively: if the product of two Q\mathbb{Q}Q-linearly independent real logarithms of algebraic numbers is always transcendental, the relation can fail at only one value of ∣t∣|t|∣t∣. Nothing here proves the relation; it bounds how badly it could fail.

Source and attribution. All the mathematics of this section is Carlo Perassi's, in his manuscript C. Perassi, Rigidity of logarithms with algebraic modulus — Around a conjecture of Diaz, unpublished manuscript, 15 August 2026, §Polar coordinates and the discreteness of the period. No novelty is claimed. The configuration produced here --- two Q\mathbb{Q}Q-linearly independent λ1,λ2∈L\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2}\in\mathcal{L}λ1​,λ2​∈L with λ1λ2∈Qˉ×\lambda_{1}\lambda_{2}\in\bar{\mathbb{Q}}^{\times}λ1​λ2​∈Qˉ​× --- is exactly condition eq:exotic of Theorem Period-plane classification, and the manuscript's Remark What the model sees, and the exact gap (rem:period-plane-scope) calls its solvability "the one undecided point", notes that the strong four exponentials conjecture excludes it, and that Roy's strong six exponentials does not reach it. The manuscript raises eq:exotic with purely imaginary logarithms, which is why Diaz's assertion (C6) of 1997 --- whose hypothesis is ∣α∣≠1|\alpha|\neq 1∣α∣=1 --- does not apply there (Remark Adjacent results, rem:exotic-adjacent). Here the logarithms are real, so ∣α∣≠1|\alpha|\neq 1∣α∣=1 does hold. That the failure set of the one-relation form feeds the same condition with real logarithms is possibly new and is small; it is possibly folklore, and it was not found stated in the sources consulted.

Proof. et1+t2=et1et2e^{t_{1}+t_{2}}=e^{t_{1}}e^{t_{2}}et1​+t2​=et1​et2​ and et1−t2=et1/et2e^{t_{1}-t_{2}}=e^{t_{1}}/e^{t_{2}}et1​−t2​=et1​/et2​, and the algebraic numbers are closed under product and quotient. The product identity is a subtraction, and t12−t22=0t_{1}^{2}-t_{2}^{2}=0t12​−t22​=0 is t12=t22t_{1}^{2}=t_{2}^{2}t12​=t22​.

Preamble
import Mathlib

open ComplexConjugate
Formal statement
theorem Diaz.two_failures_give_algebraic_log_product {t₁ t₂ : ℝ}
    (e₁ : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Real.exp t₁ : ℝ) : ℂ)) (e₂ : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Real.exp t₂ : ℝ) : ℂ))
    (h₁ : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((t₁ ^ 2 + Real.pi ^ 2 : ℝ) : ℂ))
    (h₂ : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((t₂ ^ 2 + Real.pi ^ 2 : ℝ) : ℂ)) :
    IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Real.exp (t₁ + t₂) : ℝ) : ℂ)
      ∧ IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Real.exp (t₁ - t₂) : ℝ) : ℂ)
      ∧ IsAlgebraic ℚ (((t₁ + t₂) * (t₁ - t₂) : ℝ) : ℂ)
      ∧ (t₁ ^ 2 ≠ t₂ ^ 2 → ((t₁ + t₂) * (t₁ - t₂) : ℝ) ≠ 0) := by sorry

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