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Open cycles of pairs block exhaustive chains of tree-safe words

Proved
Erdos195.open_cycle_blocks_exhaustive_chain

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness θ:N×Z→{0,1}\theta:\mathbb N\times\mathbb Z\to\{0,1\}θ:N×Z→{0,1} defines a strict total order ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​ on Z\mathbb ZZ (milestone framework). A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" has no monotone 4-term arithmetic progression; positions are first occurrences. For an in-order pair (a,b)(a,b)(a,b) of a word (a before b), call 2b−a2b-a2b−a its third term and 3b−2a3b-2a3b−2a its fourth term. Theorem (open cycles block exhaustive chains). Let P0,P1,P2,…P_0, P_1, P_2,\dotsP0​,P1​,P2​,… be finite words with each PnP_nPn​ a prefix of Pn+1P_{n+1}Pn+1​, each PnP_nPn​ θn\theta_nθn​-safe for some tree witness θn\theta_nθn​ (which may depend on nnn), and such that every integer occurs in some PnP_nPn​. Then no stage PNP_NPN​ contains a cycle of in-order pairs (ai,bi)(a_i,b_i)(ai​,bi​), 0≤i<m0\le i<m0≤i<m, m≥1m\ge1m≥1, with

3bi−2ai  =  2bi+1−ai+1(indices mod m)3b_i-2a_i \;=\; 2b_{i+1}-a_{i+1}\qquad(\text{indices mod } m)3bi​−2ai​=2bi+1​−ai+1​(indices mod m)

and all third terms 2bi−ai2b_i-a_i2bi​−ai​ absent from PNP_NPN​.

So an exhaustive chain of tree-safe words (the kind of chain that would give a permutation of Z\mathbb ZZ with no monotone 4-term AP) must never create such a cycle, of any length, at any stage. This is a forbidden-configuration result for the tree-witness method for Erdős #195, not a resolution of the problem.

Formalization note: the chain is P : ℕ → List ℤ with P n <+: P (n+1), safety is ∃ θ, Safe (treeLt θ) (P n), coverage is ∀ x, ∃ n, x ∈ P n; positions via List.idxOf, successor index (i+1) % m.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem open_cycle_blocks_exhaustive_chain (P : ℕ → List ℤ) (hpre : ∀ n, P n <+: P (n + 1))
    (hsafe : ∀ n, ∃ θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ) (P n)) (hcov : ∀ x : ℤ, ∃ n, x ∈ P n)
    (N m : ℕ) (hm : 0 < m) (a b : ℕ → ℤ)
    (ha : ∀ i < m, a i ∈ P N) (hb : ∀ i < m, b i ∈ P N)
    (hi : ∀ i < m, (P N).idxOf (a i) < (P N).idxOf (b i))
    (hcyc : ∀ i < m, 3 * b i - 2 * a i = 2 * b ((i + 1) % m) - a ((i + 1) % m))
    (ht : ∀ i < m, 2 * b i - a i ∉ P N) : False := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework; Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung (Oct 23 2026)

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