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Tree-safe words starting (0,1,−1)(0,1,-1)(0,1,−1) containing t≡1(mod4)t\equiv1 \pmod 4t≡1(mod4) must meet {−3,−5,2t+1,3t+2}\{-3,-5,2t+1,3t+2\}{−3,−5,2t+1,3t+2}

Proved
Erdos195.zero_one_negone_mod4_one

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness is a function θ(k,r)∈{0,1}\theta(k,r)\in\{0,1\}θ(k,r)∈{0,1} on the nodes (k,r)(k,r)(k,r), 0≤r<2k0\le r<2^k0≤r<2k, of the binary tree of residues. For distinct integers x,yx,yx,y with k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x), put x≺θyx\prec_\theta yx≺θ​y iff bitk(x)=θ(k, x mod 2k)\mathrm{bit}_k(x)=\theta(k,\,x\bmod 2^k)bitk​(x)=θ(k,xmod2k) (two's-complement digits). A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression. Let QQQ be a θ\thetaθ-safe word (for any tree witness θ\thetaθ) beginning with 0,1,−10,1,-10,1,−1, and let t∈Qt\in Qt∈Q with t≡1(mod4)t\equiv1\pmod 4t≡1(mod4), t≠1t\neq1t=1. Then

{−3, −5, 2t+1, 3t+2}∩Q≠∅.\{-3,\,-5,\,2t+1,\,3t+2\}\cap Q\neq\varnothing.{−3,−5,2t+1,3t+2}∩Q=∅.

Indeed the in-order pairs (1,−1)(1,-1)(1,−1) and (−1,t)(-1,t)(−1,t) both sit at the tree node (1,1)(1,1)(1,1) and, if both were open (neither continuation 2b−a2b-a2b−a, 3b−2a3b-2a3b−2a present), would force opposite values there. This is the fixed-node cascade behind the failure of the rule "close the newest conflicting pair by its fourth term" when extending (0,1,−1)(0,1,-1)(0,1,−1) in Ho-style constructions of 444-AP-free permutations of Z\mathbb{Z}Z (Erdős Problem 195); the case t=5t=5t=5 gives the necessary condition Q∩{−3,−5,11,17}≠∅Q\cap\{-3,-5,11,17\}\neq\varnothingQ∩{−3,−5,11,17}=∅.

Formalization note: treeLt θ is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree; Safe, bitOne are from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs. "Begins with" is the list prefix relation <+:; positions in a word are List.idxOf. The statement quantifies over every witness θ, so it holds in particular for all ε-orders.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem zero_one_negone_mod4_one (θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool) (Q : List ℤ) (hS : Safe (treeLt θ) Q)
    (hpre : [0, 1, -1] <+: Q) (t : ℤ) (ht : t ∈ Q) (ht4 : t % 4 = 1) (ht1 : t ≠ 1) :
    -3 ∈ Q ∨ -5 ∈ Q ∨ 2 * t + 1 ∈ Q ∨ 3 * t + 2 ∈ Q := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); statements from GPT 6 Astra (Oct 23 2026 'tree cascade' answers, generalized to all t / all m / all n), Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung

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