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A freely generating Haar triple of the infinite-rank factor

Proved
OAI.FreeGroupFactorMain.InfiniteGeneration.generating_tuple

by wurtle · Nov 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

free-group-factorsoai-math

Throughout, L(G)L(G)L(G) is the group von Neumann algebra of a discrete group GGG acting on ℓ2(G)\ell^2(G)ℓ2(G), with canonical trace τ(x)=⟨xδe,δe⟩\tau(x)=\langle x\delta_e,\delta_e\rangleτ(x)=⟨xδe​,δe​⟩, left-regular unitaries λ(g)\lambda(g)λ(g), and ∥x∥2=∥xδe∥ℓ2\|x\|_2=\|x\delta_e\|_{\ell^2}∥x∥2​=∥xδe​∥ℓ2​. Let Index=Fin 3⊔N⊔{∗}\mathrm{Index}=\mathrm{Fin}\,3\sqcup\mathbb N\sqcup\{*\}Index=Fin3⊔N⊔{∗} and M=L(F(Index))M=L(\mathbb F(\mathrm{Index}))M=L(F(Index)). Let Ai=λ(i)A_i=\lambda(i)Ai​=λ(i) for i∈Fin 3i\in\mathrm{Fin}\,3i∈Fin3 be the initial tuple, and for q∈N⊔{∗}q\in\mathbb N\sqcup\{*\}q∈N⊔{∗} let Eq=λ(q)E_q=\lambda(q)Eq​=λ(q) be the extra generators. The orbit is the set of tuples (Φ(Ai))i(\Phi(A_i))_i(Φ(Ai​))i​ for τ\tauτ-preserving ∗*∗-automorphisms Φ\PhiΦ of MMM. There is a triple UUU of unitaries in MMM with τ(Ug)=0\tau(U_g)=0τ(Ug​)=0 for every nonidentity g∈F3g\in\mathbb F_3g∈F3​ and

span‾{Ugδe:g∈F3}=ℓ2(F(Index)).\overline{\mathrm{span}}\{U_g\delta_e:g\in\mathbb F_3\}=\ell^2(\mathbb F(\mathrm{Index})).span​{Ug​δe​:g∈F3​}=ℓ2(F(Index)).

With Lemma 2.2 of the paper this gives the identification L(F3)≅L(F∞)L(\mathbb F_3)\cong L(\mathbb F_\infty)L(F3​)≅L(F∞​) used for the infinite parameter.

Formalization Note The statement is verbatim from OpenAI's Lean development, with the listed Definitions imported in place of the upstream modules; the definitions are supporting code for this statement.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_FreeGroupFactorProof18

namespace OAI

noncomputable section

open Set Metric Filter
open scoped NNReal Topology BigOperators ContDiff ENNReal

attribute [local instance] Classical.propDecidable

namespace FreeGroupFactorMain

namespace InfiniteGeneration

 

Formal statement
theorem generating_tuple :
    ∃ U : Tuple,
      (∀ g : FreeGroup (Fin 3), canonicalTrace (Generation.word U g) = if g = 1 then 1 else 0) ∧
      ⊤ ≤ (Submodule.span ℂ (Set.range (fun g => groupL2 (Generation.word U g)))).topologicalClosure := by
  sorry

end InfiniteGeneration
end FreeGroupFactorMain
end
end OAI
Source
OpenAI, An isomorphism of the free group factors, September 23, 2026, https://github.com/openai/math (paper: preprints/An-isomorphism-of-the-free-group-factors-September-23-2026/An-isomorphism-of-the-free-group-factors-September-23-2026.pdf; Lean: lean/OAI/Analysis/FreeGroupFactor and lean/OAI/Analysis/InterpolatedFactors, Apache License 2.0); Lean declaration `OAI.FreeGroupFactorMain.InfiniteGeneration.generating_tuple`, https://github.com/openai/math/blob/adc7f1241b42e322a6451854ab7e4b4c146bf78a/lean/OAI/Analysis/FreeGroupFactor/Main.lean#L28

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