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The isolated-minimum completion has no isolated-maximum analogue

Proved
Erdos195.no_isolated_max_analogue

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness is a function θ(k,r)∈{0,1}\theta(k,r)\in\{0,1\}θ(k,r)∈{0,1} on the nodes (k,r)(k,r)(k,r), 0≤r<2k0\le r<2^k0≤r<2k, of the binary tree of residues. For distinct integers x,yx,yx,y with k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x), put x≺θyx\prec_\theta yx≺θ​y iff bitk(x)=θ(k, x mod 2k)\mathrm{bit}_k(x)=\theta(k,\,x\bmod 2^k)bitk​(x)=θ(k,xmod2k) (two's-complement digits). A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression; it is tree-safe if it is θ\thetaθ-safe for some θ\thetaθ. The isolated-minimum completion (if bbb is the θ\thetaθ-minimum of a θ\thetaθ-safe word PPP, alone in its class mod 2ν2(b−a)+12^{\nu_2(b-a)+1}2ν2​(b−a)+1, and 3b−2a3b-2a3b−2a is not a third term 2v−u2v-u2v−u of an in-order pair, then P⋅(3b−2a)P\cdot(3b-2a)P⋅(3b−2a) is tree-safe) has no maximum analogue: there exist θ\thetaθ, PPP, a≠ba\neq ba=b with PPP θ\thetaθ-safe, b∈Pb\in Pb∈P the θ\thetaθ-maximum of PPP, bbb alone in its class mod 2ν2(b−a)+12^{\nu_2(b-a)+1}2ν2​(b−a)+1, and 3b−2a≠2v−u3b-2a\neq 2v-u3b−2a=2v−u for all in-order pairs (u,v)(u,v)(u,v) of PPP, such that

P⋅(3b−2a) is not tree-safe.P\cdot(3b-2a)\ \text{is not tree-safe}.P⋅(3b−2a) is not tree-safe.

A witness is θ≡1\theta\equiv1θ≡1, P=(0,1)P=(0,1)P=(0,1), a=1a=1a=1, b=0b=0b=0: the pairs (0,1)(0,1)(0,1) and (1,−2)(1,-2)(1,−2) force opposite values at the root (Erdős Problem 195).

Formalization note: treeLt θ is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree; Safe, bitOne are from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs. Positions in a word are List.idxOf; P ++ [c] appends c.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem no_isolated_max_analogue :
    ∃ (θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool) (P : List ℤ) (a b : ℤ),
      Safe (treeLt θ) P ∧ b ∈ P ∧ a ≠ b ∧
      (∀ x ∈ P, x ≠ b → treeLt θ x b) ∧
      (∀ x ∈ P, x ≠ b → ¬ (2 : ℤ) ^ (padicValInt 2 (b - a) + 1) ∣ x - b) ∧
      (∀ u v : ℤ, u ∈ P → v ∈ P → P.idxOf u < P.idxOf v → 3 * b - 2 * a ≠ 2 * v - u) ∧
      ¬ ∃ θ' : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ') (P ++ [3 * b - 2 * a]) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); statements from GPT 6 Astra (Oct 23 2026 'tree' answers tree10, generalized), Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung

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