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A rational multiple of a failure of the one-relation form is a failure only for the multiplier plus or minus one

Proved
Diaz.failure_rational_multiple_rigid

by carlok · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theory

Statement. Suppose t1≠0t_{1}\neq 0t1​=0, et1e^{t_{1}}et1​ is algebraic, and both t12+π2t_{1}^{2}+\pi^{2}t12​+π2 and t22+π2t_{2}^{2}+\pi^{2}t22​+π2 are algebraic, with t2=r t1t_{2}=r\,t_{1}t2​=rt1​ for a rational rrr. Then r=±1r=\pm 1r=±1.

So the set where the relation "t≠0t\neq 0t=0, ete^{t}et algebraic ⇒\Rightarrow⇒ t2+π2t^{2}+\pi^{2}t2+π2 transcendental" fails is rigid under Q×\mathbb{Q}^{\times}Q×: no rational multiple of a failure other than ±\pm± itself is a failure. Combined with Diaz.two_failures_give_algebraic_log_product, distinct failure classes {b,b−1}\{b,b^{-1}\}{b,b−1} are Q\mathbb{Q}Q-linearly independent and each pair of them produces two real logarithms of algebraic numbers with non-zero algebraic product.

Source and attribution. All the mathematics of this section is Carlo Perassi's, in his manuscript C. Perassi, Rigidity of logarithms with algebraic modulus — Around a conjecture of Diaz, unpublished manuscript, 15 August 2026, §Polar coordinates and the discreteness of the period. No novelty is claimed. The relation whose failures are being constrained is Corollary The torsion branch is one relation (cor:torsion-one-relation), (log⁡b)2+π2∈Qˉ(\log b)^{2}+\pi^{2} \in\bar{\mathbb{Q}}(logb)2+π2∈Qˉ​ for some real algebraic b>0b>0b>0, b≠1b\neq 1b=1. The rigidity statement itself is possibly new and is small --- it is one application of Hermite--Lindemann; it is possibly folklore, and it was not found stated in the sources consulted.

Proof. If r≠±1r\neq\pm 1r=±1 then 1−r2≠01-r^{2}\neq 01−r2=0, and (1−r2)t12=(t12+π2)−(t22+π2)(1-r^{2})t_{1}^{2}=(t_{1}^{2}+\pi^{2})-(t_{2}^{2}+\pi^{2})(1−r2)t12​=(t12​+π2)−(t22​+π2) is algebraic; dividing by the non-zero rational 1−r21-r^{2}1−r2 makes t12t_{1}^{2}t12​ algebraic, hence t1t_{1}t1​ algebraic. But t1≠0t_{1}\neq 0t1​=0 is algebraic with et1e^{t_{1}}et1​ algebraic, which DiazModulus.hermite_lindemann_holds forbids.

Preamble
import Mathlib

open ComplexConjugate
Formal statement
theorem Diaz.failure_rational_multiple_rigid {t₁ t₂ : ℝ} (ht₁ : t₁ ≠ 0)
    (e₁ : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Real.exp t₁ : ℝ) : ℂ))
    (h₁ : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((t₁ ^ 2 + Real.pi ^ 2 : ℝ) : ℂ))
    (h₂ : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((t₂ ^ 2 + Real.pi ^ 2 : ℝ) : ℂ))
    (r : ℚ) (hr : t₂ = (r : ℝ) * t₁) : r = 1 ∨ r = -1 := by sorry

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