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Eqs. (4.13) → (4.14): squeezed limit of ⟨ζk⃗1γk⃗2s2γk⃗3s3⟩\langle\zeta_{\vec k_1}\gamma^{s_2}_{\vec k_2}\gamma^{s_3}_{\vec k_3}\rangle⟨ζk1​​γk2​s2​​γk3​s3​​⟩

Proved
Maldacena2003.zetaGammaGamma_squeezed_limit

by Lucas · Oct 12, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

cosmologyinflationmathematical-physics

Let ρ˙∗>0\dot\rho_*>0ρ˙​∗​>0, ϕ˙∗≠0\dot\phi_*\ne0ϕ˙​∗​=0, k>0k>0k>0, and let EEE be real (the polarization contraction ϵijs2ϵijs3\epsilon^{s_2}_{ij}\epsilon^{s_3}_{ij}ϵijs2​​ϵijs3​​). As (k1,k3)→(0,k)(k_1,k_3)\to(0,k)(k1​,k3​)→(0,k) through pairs for which (k1,k,k3)(k_1,k,k_3)(k1​,k,k3​) is a momentum triangle with positive sides,

Bζγγ(k1,k,k3;E)Pζ(k1) Pγ(k)  ⟶  −E2 nt,\frac{B_{\zeta\gamma\gamma}(k_1,k,k_3;E)}{P_\zeta(k_1)\,P_\gamma(k)} \;\longrightarrow\; -\frac{E}{2}\,n_t ,Pζ​(k1​)Pγ​(k)Bζγγ​(k1​,k,k3​;E)​⟶−2E​nt​,

where BζγγB_{\zeta\gamma\gamma}Bζγγ​ is the correlator (4.13), PζP_\zetaPζ​ and PγP_\gammaPγ​ are the power spectra (2.20) and (2.29), and ntn_tnt​ is the tensor tilt (2.30).

For equal polarizations, ϵijsϵijs=2\epsilon^{s}_{ij}\epsilon^{s}_{ij} = 2ϵijs​ϵijs​=2, and this reads ⟨ζγγ⟩∼−nt⟨ζζ⟩′⟨γγ⟩′\langle\zeta\gamma\gamma\rangle\sim -n_t\langle\zeta\zeta\rangle'\langle\gamma\gamma\rangle'⟨ζγγ⟩∼−nt​⟨ζζ⟩′⟨γγ⟩′. This is the agreement of (4.13) with (4.14).

Formalization Note Mpl=1M_{pl}=1Mpl​=1, and the horizon-crossing times ∗*∗, ∗′*'∗′ are identified at leading order. The polarization contraction enters as the parameter EEE.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Maldacena2003_InflationDefs
open Filter Topology
Formal statement
namespace Maldacena2003

theorem zetaGammaGamma_squeezed_limit (ρd φd k E : ℝ) (hρ : 0 < ρd) (hφ : φd ≠ 0)
    (hk : 0 < k) :
    Tendsto
      (fun p : ℝ × ℝ => zetaGammaGammaBispectrum ρd p.1 k p.2 E
        / (zetaPowerSpectrum ρd φd p.1 * tensorPowerSpectrum ρd k))
      (𝓝[{p : ℝ × ℝ | IsMomentumTriangle p.1 k p.2}] (0, k))
      (𝓝 (-(E / 2) * tensorTilt ρd φd)) := by sorry

end Maldacena2003
Source
J. Maldacena, Non-Gaussian features of primordial fluctuations in single field inflationary models, JHEP 05 (2003) 013, https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2003/05/013 (arXiv:astro-ph/0210603), p. 19, eqs. (4.13), (4.14)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 13, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Lucas · Oct 13, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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