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Adding the period to a point of the period plane returns to the locus only in two cases

Proved
Diaz.period_plane_classification

by carlok · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theory

Statement. Let ℑu=kπ\Im u = k\piℑu=kπ with k∈Z∖{0}k\in\mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0\}k∈Z∖{0} and ∥u∥2∈Qˉ\lVert u\rVert^{2}\in\bar{\mathbb{Q}}∥u∥2∈Qˉ​. For rationals a,b,ca,b,ca,b,c,

∥au+b uˉ+2πc i∥2∈Qˉ⟺c=−ak  or  c=bk.\lVert a u + b\,\bar u + 2\pi c\, i\rVert^{2}\in\bar{\mathbb{Q}} \qquad\Longleftrightarrow\qquad c=-ak\ \text{ or }\ c=bk .∥au+buˉ+2πci∥2∈Qˉ​⟺c=−ak  or  c=bk.

In the first case the point equals (a+b)uˉ(a+b)\bar u(a+b)uˉ, in the second (a+b)u(a+b)u(a+b)u. So on this branch the period 2πi2\pi i2πi contributes nothing new: adding any rational multiple of it to any point of the plane Qu⊕Quˉ\mathbb{Q}u\oplus\mathbb{Q}\bar uQu⊕Quˉ lands back on the locus only when the result is already a rational multiple of uuu or of uˉ\bar uuˉ.

The reason this covers the whole space Vu=Qu+Quˉ+Q 2πiV_u=\mathbb{Q}u+\mathbb{Q}\bar u+\mathbb{Q}\,2\pi iVu​=Qu+Quˉ+Q2πi at once is that here 2πi=(u−uˉ)/k2\pi i=(u-\bar u)/k2πi=(u−uˉ)/k already lies in the plane spanned by uuu and uˉ\bar uuˉ --- which is exactly what fails off the torsion branch.

Source and attribution. All the mathematics of this section is Carlo Perassi's, in his manuscript C. Perassi, Rigidity of logarithms with algebraic modulus — Around a conjecture of Diaz, unpublished manuscript, 15 August 2026, §Polar coordinates and the discreteness of the period. No novelty is claimed. This is part (a) of Theorem Period-plane classification (thm:period-plane) --- Vu=Qu⊕QuˉV_u=\mathbb{Q}u\oplus\mathbb{Q}\bar uVu​=Qu⊕Quˉ and Vu∩D=Q×u ∪˙ Q×uˉV_u\cap\mathcal{D}=\mathbb{Q}^{\times}u\,\dot\cup\,\mathbb{Q}^{\times}\bar uVu​∩D=Q×u∪˙Q×uˉ when ℑu∈πQ\Im u\in\pi\mathbb{Q}ℑu∈πQ --- formalised in the range ℑu∈πZ\Im u\in\pi\mathbb{Z}ℑu∈πZ and in the coordinates (a,b,c)(a,b,c)(a,b,c) of that theorem's own proof. Of that theorem only the norm identity eq:pp-norm had been published, as Diaz.period_plane_norm. Nothing here is new.

Proof. Since u−uˉ=2ikπu-\bar u=2ik\piu−uˉ=2ikπ, the point au+buˉ+2πcia u + b\bar u + 2\pi ciau+buˉ+2πci equals (a+c/k) u+(b−c/k) uˉ(a+c/k)\,u+(b-c/k)\,\bar u(a+c/k)u+(b−c/k)uˉ. Apply Diaz.plane_normSq_algebraic_iff to that pair of coefficients: the modulus is algebraic exactly when a+c/k=0a+c/k=0a+c/k=0 or b−c/k=0b-c/k=0b−c/k=0, that is c=−akc=-akc=−ak or c=bkc=bkc=bk.

Preamble
import Mathlib

open ComplexConjugate
Formal statement
theorem Diaz.period_plane_classification {u : ℂ} {k : ℤ} (hk : k ≠ 0)
    (him : u.im = (k : ℝ) * Real.pi)
    (hn : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Complex.normSq u : ℝ) : ℂ)) (a b c : ℚ) :
    IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Complex.normSq ((a : ℂ) * u + (b : ℂ) * conj u
        + 2 * (Real.pi : ℂ) * (c : ℂ) * Complex.I) : ℝ) : ℂ)
      ↔ (c = -(a * (k : ℚ)) ∨ c = b * (k : ℚ)) := by sorry

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