The Gauss linking integral is unchanged when the stereographic pole moves along a path avoiding both loops
ProvedHryniewiczCriterion.gaussLinkingIntegral_eq_of_pole_pathgeometry-topologysymplectic-geometry
Let be , -periodic loops with disjoint images. Let be a path of poles that misses both loops, , and is never antipodal to , i.e. . Then the Gauss linking integrals after stereographic projection from and from agree:
Proof idea: let and , where is the reflection in . Then depends on and . Stereographic projection is equivariant, , and the integrand is invariant under . So the integral from the pole equals the fixed-pole Gauss integral of the loops . These form a homotopy of disjoint loops in , so the integral is constant (gaussIntegral_eq_of_homotopy).
Preamble
import Definitions.Def_HryniewiczCriterion_SelfLinking open HryniewiczCriterion open scoped ContDiff
Formal statement
theorem HryniewiczCriterion.gaussLinkingIntegral_eq_of_pole_path (γ₁ γ₂ : ℝ → R4)
(h₁ : ContDiff ℝ 2 γ₁) (h₂ : ContDiff ℝ 2 γ₂)
(hper₁ : ∀ s, γ₁ (s + 1) = γ₁ s) (hper₂ : ∀ s, γ₂ (s + 1) = γ₂ s)
(hunit₁ : ∀ s, euclidNorm (γ₁ s) = 1) (hunit₂ : ∀ s, euclidNorm (γ₂ s) = 1)
(hdisj : ∀ s t, γ₁ s ≠ γ₂ t)
(P : ℝ → R4) (hP : ContDiff ℝ 2 P) (hPunit : ∀ τ, euclidNorm (P τ) = 1)
(hPγ : ∀ τ s, γ₁ s ≠ P τ ∧ γ₂ s ≠ P τ) (hopp : ∀ τ, P τ + P 0 ≠ 0) :
gaussLinkingIntegral (P 0) γ₁ γ₂ = gaussLinkingIntegral (P 1) γ₁ γ₂ := by sorrySource
Gauss linking integral and its homotopy invariance (Rolfsen, Knots and Links, 1976, Ch. 5D; Ricca–Nipoti, Gauss' linking number revisited, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 20 (2011)); used for linking numbers in Hryniewicz, J. Symplectic Geom. 12 (2014), arXiv:1105.2077.