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Complete formalization of the paper

Proved
LocalConjugacy.paper_complete

by burkh4rt · Sep 30, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

group-theorylocal-conjugacynonabelian-cohomologyprofinite-groups

All eleven numbered results of the paper (Theorem 1.1, Lemma 1.2, Corollaries 1.3–1.4, Propositions 2.1–2.3, 3.1–3.2, and 4.1–4.2), together with both counterexamples from §1, hold with their stated hypotheses and conclusions. Each component is independently universally quantified in PaperResults; the goal assumes none of the milestones.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_LocalConjugacy_Targets

/- The mission goal packages all thirteen milestones, each with its full hypotheses. -/
universe u v
Formal statement
theorem LocalConjugacy.paper_complete : LocalConjugacy.PaperResults.{u, v} := by sorry
Source
Michael C. Burkhart, Local conjugacy in prosolvable groups, arXiv:2609.37678v1 (29 September 2026), https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.37678v1, pp. 1–8; complete paper scope.
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · GPT-6 family (exact model variant not exposed)

For arbitrary universe levels u,vu,vu,v, the proposition consisting of the following thirteen assertions holds; the universally quantified groups and actions in distinct assertions are chosen independently, and the two existential examples are part of the same conjunction. (1) For every profinite group GGG in universe uuu and closed subgroups N,H,K≤GN,H,K\le GN,H,K≤G, assume that NNN is normal in GGG and pronilpotent, that either GGG is prosupersolvable or G/NG/NG/N is pronilpotent, and that every g∈Gg\in Gg∈G can be expressed both as g=nhg=nhg=nh with n∈N,h∈Hn\in N,h\in Hn∈N,h∈H and as g=n′kg=n'kg=n′k with n′∈N,k∈Kn'\in N,k\in Kn′∈N,k∈K. Then there exists g∈Gg\in Gg∈G with gHg−1=KgHg^{-1}=KgHg−1=K if and only if, for every natural prime ppp, there exist a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of HHH, a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup QQQ of KKK, and an element gp∈Gg_p\in Ggp​∈G with gpPgp−1=Qg_pPg_p^{-1}=Qgp​Pgp−1​=Q. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤GA\le GA≤G means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in GGG, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of GGG contained in AAA with this quotient property. Saying that a topological group RRR is pronilpotent means that R/UR/UR/U is nilpotent for every open normal subgroup UUU of RRR, with the subgroup and quotient topologies understood. For a group RRR, the series condition used here means that there exist m∈Nm\in\mathbb Nm∈N and a nondecreasing sequence (Si)i∈N(S_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}(Si​)i∈N​ of normal subgroups of RRR such that S0={1}S_0=\{1\}S0​={1}, Sm=RS_m=RSm​=R, and, for each i<mi<mi<m, some ri∈Rr_i\in Rri​∈R satisfies Si+1=⟨Si,ri⟩S_{i+1}=\langle S_i,r_i\rangleSi+1​=⟨Si​,ri​⟩. Repeated terms are allowed, and m=0m=0m=0 is allowed precisely when RRR is trivial. Saying that RRR is prosupersolvable means that every quotient R/UR/UR/U by an open normal subgroup satisfies this series condition. The product decompositions need not be unique, and N∩HN\cap HN∩H and N∩KN\cap KN∩K need not be trivial. The quantifier over primes includes primes absent from finite quotients of the subgroups; trivial groups and trivial Sylow subgroups are allowed, and the choices of P,Q,gpP,Q,g_pP,Q,gp​ may depend on ppp. (2) For every profinite group JJJ in universe uuu, every finite nilpotent group NNN in universe vvv with the discrete topology, and every jointly continuous action of JJJ on NNN by group automorphisms, assume that either N⋊JN\rtimes JN⋊J is prosupersolvable or JJJ is pronilpotent. Here the semidirect product has multiplication (n,j)(n′,j′)=(n(j⋅n′),jj′)(n,j)(n',j')=(n(j\cdot n'),jj')(n,j)(n′,j′)=(n(j⋅n′),jj′) and the product topology. Let DDD be the set of natural primes ppp for which ppp divides the number of elements of J/UJ/UJ/U for some open normal subgroup UUU of JJJ, and, for each p∈Dp\in Dp∈D, choose a subgroup Pp≤JP_p\le JPp​≤J that is Sylow pro-ppp in JJJ. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤JA\le JA≤J means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in JJJ, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of JJJ contained in AAA with this quotient property. For A≤JA\le JA≤J, write H1(A,N)H^1(A,N)H1(A,N) for the set of continuous maps f:A→Nf:A\to Nf:A→N satisfying f(xy)=f(x)(x⋅f(y))f(xy)=f(x)(x\cdot f(y))f(xy)=f(x)(x⋅f(y)), modulo the equivalence relation f∼gf\sim gf∼g if there is one n∈Nn\in Nn∈N such that g(x)=n−1f(x)(x⋅n)g(x)=n^{-1}f(x)(x\cdot n)g(x)=n−1f(x)(x⋅n) for every x∈Ax\in Ax∈A; its distinguished element is the class of the constant map 111. Let IJ(A,N)I_J(A,N)IJ​(A,N) be the subset of H1(A,N)H^1(A,N)H1(A,N) consisting of classes with a representative fff such that, for every j∈Jj\in Jj∈J, there exists nj∈Nn_j\in Nnj​∈N satisfying j⋅f(j−1xj)=nj−1f(x)(x⋅nj)j\cdot f(j^{-1}xj)=n_j^{-1}f(x)(x\cdot n_j)j⋅f(j−1xj)=nj−1​f(x)(x⋅nj​) for every x∈Ax\in Ax∈A for which j−1xj∈Aj^{-1}xj\in Aj−1xj∈A. This condition is imposed only on that intersection; it does not require jjj to normalize AAA. The distinguished element of IJ(A,N)I_J(A,N)IJ​(A,N) is again the class of the constant map 111. Then the simultaneous restriction map H1(J,N)→∏p∈DIJ(Pp,N)H^1(J,N)\to\prod_{p\in D}I_J(P_p,N)H1(J,N)→∏p∈D​IJ​(Pp​,N), sending [f][f][f] to ([f∣Pp])p∈D([f|_{P_p}])_{p\in D}([f∣Pp​​])p∈D​, is both injective and surjective, and it sends the class of the constant map 111 to the family of such classes. The target is the full product of these subsets, with no further compatibility condition between different primes. Saying that a topological group RRR is pronilpotent means that R/UR/UR/U is nilpotent for every open normal subgroup UUU of RRR, with the subgroup and quotient topologies understood. For a group RRR, the series condition used here means that there exist m∈Nm\in\mathbb Nm∈N and a nondecreasing sequence (Si)i∈N(S_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}(Si​)i∈N​ of normal subgroups of RRR such that S0={1}S_0=\{1\}S0​={1}, Sm=RS_m=RSm​=R, and, for each i<mi<mi<m, some ri∈Rr_i\in Rri​∈R satisfies Si+1=⟨Si,ri⟩S_{i+1}=\langle S_i,r_i\rangleSi+1​=⟨Si​,ri​⟩. Repeated terms are allowed, and m=0m=0m=0 is allowed precisely when RRR is trivial. Saying that RRR is prosupersolvable means that every quotient R/UR/UR/U by an open normal subgroup satisfies this series condition. Trivial JJJ or NNN are allowed. If DDD is empty, the product consists of the unique empty family, so the bijectivity assertion says that H1(J,N)H^1(J,N)H1(J,N) has one element. (3) For every profinite group GGG in universe uuu and closed subgroups N,J,H≤GN,J,H\le GN,J,H≤G, assume that NNN is normal in GGG, that every element of GGG has a unique expression njnjnj with n∈Nn\in Nn∈N and j∈Jj\in Jj∈J, that NNN is pronilpotent, and that either GGG is prosupersolvable or JJJ is pronilpotent. Assume also that N∩HN\cap HN∩H, regarded as a subgroup of NNN, is normal in NNN, and that for every natural prime ppp there exist a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PpP_pPp​ of JJJ and an element gp∈Gg_p\in Ggp​∈G with gpPpgp−1≤Hg_pP_pg_p^{-1}\le Hgp​Pp​gp−1​≤H. Then there exists one g∈Gg\in Gg∈G such that gJg−1≤HgJg^{-1}\le HgJg−1≤H. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤GA\le GA≤G means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in GGG, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of GGG contained in AAA with this quotient property. Saying that a topological group RRR is pronilpotent means that R/UR/UR/U is nilpotent for every open normal subgroup UUU of RRR, with the subgroup and quotient topologies understood. For a group RRR, the series condition used here means that there exist m∈Nm\in\mathbb Nm∈N and a nondecreasing sequence (Si)i∈N(S_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}(Si​)i∈N​ of normal subgroups of RRR such that S0={1}S_0=\{1\}S0​={1}, Sm=RS_m=RSm​=R, and, for each i<mi<mi<m, some ri∈Rr_i\in Rri​∈R satisfies Si+1=⟨Si,ri⟩S_{i+1}=\langle S_i,r_i\rangleSi+1​=⟨Si​,ri​⟩. Repeated terms are allowed, and m=0m=0m=0 is allowed precisely when RRR is trivial. Saying that RRR is prosupersolvable means that every quotient R/UR/UR/U by an open normal subgroup satisfies this series condition. The normality assumption on N∩HN\cap HN∩H is in NNN, not a requirement of normality in GGG. The local witnesses can vary with ppp, whereas the conclusion concerns one conjugate of the whole subgroup JJJ. All primes are quantified, including those with trivial Sylow subgroups; trivial groups and trivial factors in the unique product decomposition are permitted. (4) For every profinite group GGG in universe uuu, every nonempty set Ω\OmegaΩ in universe vvv with a GGG-action, and closed subgroups N,J≤GN,J\le GN,J≤G, assume that NNN is normal in GGG, every element of GGG has a unique expression njnjnj with n∈N,j∈Jn\in N,j\in Jn∈N,j∈J, NNN is pronilpotent, and either GGG is prosupersolvable or JJJ is pronilpotent. Assume that the action is transitive, meaning that for any x,y∈Ωx,y\in\Omegax,y∈Ω some g∈Gg\in Gg∈G satisfies g⋅x=yg\cdot x=yg⋅x=y; that the stabilizer Gx={g∈G:g⋅x=x}G_x=\{g\in G:g\cdot x=x\}Gx​={g∈G:g⋅x=x} is closed in GGG for every x∈Ωx\in\Omegax∈Ω; and that there exists at least one x∈Ωx\in\Omegax∈Ω for which N∩GxN\cap G_xN∩Gx​ is normal as a subgroup of NNN. Finally, assume that for every natural prime ppp there exist a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PpP_pPp​ of JJJ and a point xp∈Ωx_p\in\Omegaxp​∈Ω fixed by every element of PpP_pPp​. Then there exists a point x∈Ωx\in\Omegax∈Ω fixed by every element of JJJ. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤GA\le GA≤G means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in GGG, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of GGG contained in AAA with this quotient property. Saying that a topological group RRR is pronilpotent means that R/UR/UR/U is nilpotent for every open normal subgroup UUU of RRR, with the subgroup and quotient topologies understood. For a group RRR, the series condition used here means that there exist m∈Nm\in\mathbb Nm∈N and a nondecreasing sequence (Si)i∈N(S_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}(Si​)i∈N​ of normal subgroups of RRR such that S0={1}S_0=\{1\}S0​={1}, Sm=RS_m=RSm​=R, and, for each i<mi<mi<m, some ri∈Rr_i\in Rri​∈R satisfies Si+1=⟨Si,ri⟩S_{i+1}=\langle S_i,r_i\rangleSi+1​=⟨Si​,ri​⟩. Repeated terms are allowed, and m=0m=0m=0 is allowed precisely when RRR is trivial. Saying that RRR is prosupersolvable means that every quotient R/UR/UR/U by an open normal subgroup satisfies this series condition. The points xpx_pxp​ and the subgroups PpP_pPp​ may depend on ppp, and they need not be related to the point witnessing the intersection-normality hypothesis. No topology on Ω\OmegaΩ is specified; the topological action hypothesis here is the closedness of every stabilizer. Singleton Ω\OmegaΩ and trivial groups are allowed, but empty Ω\OmegaΩ is excluded. All natural primes are included, even when their Sylow subgroups are trivial. (5) For every profinite group JJJ in universe uuu and discrete topological group NNN in universe vvv equipped with a jointly continuous action of JJJ by group automorphisms, suppose every finite subset of NNN generates a finite subgroup. Let p,p0p,p_0p,p0​ be distinct natural primes, suppose that for every n∈Nn\in Nn∈N there exists k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N with npk=1n^{p^k}=1npk=1, and let J0,Q≤JJ_0,Q\le JJ0​,Q≤J be closed subgroups with J0J_0J0​ normal in JJJ. Assume that some q0∈Qq_0\in Qq0​∈Q has its integer powers dense in QQQ, and that every quotient Q/UQ/UQ/U by an open normal subgroup UUU of QQQ has every element killed by some power of p0p_0p0​. Let f:J0→Nf:J_0\to Nf:J0​→N be a continuous map satisfying f(xy)=f(x)(x⋅f(y))f(xy)=f(x)(x\cdot f(y))f(xy)=f(x)(x⋅f(y)) for all x,y∈J0x,y\in J_0x,y∈J0​. Suppose that for every q∈Qq\in Qq∈Q there exists nq∈Nn_q\in Nnq​∈N such that q⋅f(q−1xq)=nq−1f(x)(x⋅nq)q\cdot f(q^{-1}xq)=n_q^{-1}f(x)(x\cdot n_q)q⋅f(q−1xq)=nq−1​f(x)(x⋅nq​) for every x∈J0x\in J_0x∈J0​ with q−1xq∈J0q^{-1}xq\in J_0q−1xq∈J0​. Then there exists a continuous map g:J0→Ng:J_0\to Ng:J0​→N satisfying g(xy)=g(x)(x⋅g(y))g(xy)=g(x)(x\cdot g(y))g(xy)=g(x)(x⋅g(y)) and all three following conditions: there is one n∈Nn\in Nn∈N with g(x)=n−1f(x)(x⋅n)g(x)=n^{-1}f(x)(x\cdot n)g(x)=n−1f(x)(x⋅n) for every x∈J0x\in J_0x∈J0​; for every q∈Qq\in Qq∈Q and x∈J0x\in J_0x∈J0​ with q−1xq∈J0q^{-1}xq\in J_0q−1xq∈J0​, one has q⋅g(q−1xq)=g(x)q\cdot g(q^{-1}xq)=g(x)q⋅g(q−1xq)=g(x); and g(q)=1g(q)=1g(q)=1 for every q∈Q∩J0q\in Q\cap J_0q∈Q∩J0​. Normality of J0J_0J0​ ensures that the conjugate-membership condition in these identities always holds for x∈J0x\in J_0x∈J0​. The finite-generation hypothesis permits NNN to be infinite and includes the empty generating set; no uniform bound on the exponents kkk is required. Trivial NNN, J0J_0J0​, or QQQ are permitted, a dense cyclic subgroup may be trivial, and the assumptions that p,p0p,p_0p,p0​ are prime exclude 000 and 111. (6) For every profinite group JJJ in universe uuu and discrete topological group NNN in universe vvv equipped with a jointly continuous action of JJJ by group automorphisms, suppose every finite subset of NNN generates a finite subgroup. Let p,p0p,p_0p,p0​ be distinct natural primes. Assume that every quotient J/UJ/UJ/U by an open normal subgroup UUU of JJJ is solvable and that every n∈Nn\in Nn∈N satisfies npk=1n^{p^k}=1npk=1 for some k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N. Let J0J_0J0​ be a closed normal subgroup of JJJ whose index is exactly p0p_0p0​. For A≤JA\le JA≤J, write H1(A,N)H^1(A,N)H1(A,N) for the set of continuous maps f:A→Nf:A\to Nf:A→N satisfying f(xy)=f(x)(x⋅f(y))f(xy)=f(x)(x\cdot f(y))f(xy)=f(x)(x⋅f(y)), modulo the equivalence relation f∼gf\sim gf∼g if there is one n∈Nn\in Nn∈N such that g(x)=n−1f(x)(x⋅n)g(x)=n^{-1}f(x)(x\cdot n)g(x)=n−1f(x)(x⋅n) for every x∈Ax\in Ax∈A; its distinguished element is the class of the constant map 111. Let IJ(A,N)I_J(A,N)IJ​(A,N) be the subset of H1(A,N)H^1(A,N)H1(A,N) consisting of classes with a representative fff such that, for every j∈Jj\in Jj∈J, there exists nj∈Nn_j\in Nnj​∈N satisfying j⋅f(j−1xj)=nj−1f(x)(x⋅nj)j\cdot f(j^{-1}xj)=n_j^{-1}f(x)(x\cdot n_j)j⋅f(j−1xj)=nj−1​f(x)(x⋅nj​) for every x∈Ax\in Ax∈A for which j−1xj∈Aj^{-1}xj\in Aj−1xj∈A. This condition is imposed only on that intersection; it does not require jjj to normalize AAA. The distinguished element of IJ(A,N)I_J(A,N)IJ​(A,N) is again the class of the constant map 111. Then restriction defines an injective and surjective map H1(J,N)→IJ(J0,N)H^1(J,N)\to I_J(J_0,N)H1(J,N)→IJ​(J0​,N), [f]↦[f∣J0][f]\mapsto[f|_{J_0}][f]↦[f∣J0​​], and sends the class of the constant map 111 to that same distinguished class in the target. Since J0J_0J0​ is normal, the conjugate-membership qualification in the definition of IJ(J0,N)I_J(J_0,N)IJ​(J0​,N) holds for every j∈J,x∈J0j\in J,x\in J_0j∈J,x∈J0​. The target consists of classes having the specified invariance property, not all classes on J0J_0J0​. The group NNN may be infinite or trivial, and the finite-generation hypothesis includes the empty finite set. The index is a natural-number cardinal, which is defined as 000 at infinite index; its equality to the prime p0≥2p_0\ge2p0​≥2 therefore requires finite index and excludes J0=JJ_0=JJ0​=J. Both primes exclude 000 and 111. (7) For every profinite group JJJ in universe uuu, every finite group NNN in universe vvv with the discrete topology, and every jointly continuous action of JJJ on NNN by group automorphisms, let ppp be a natural prime and assume that every n∈Nn\in Nn∈N satisfies npk=1n^{p^k}=1npk=1 for some k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N. Suppose that N⋊JN\rtimes JN⋊J, with multiplication (n,j)(n′,j′)=(n(j⋅n′),jj′)(n,j)(n',j')=(n(j\cdot n'),jj')(n,j)(n′,j′)=(n(j⋅n′),jj′) and the product topology, is prosupersolvable. Let Q≤JQ\le JQ≤J be closed, and assume that for every open normal subgroup UUU of JJJ, writing Q‾\overline QQ​ for the image of QQQ under J→J/UJ\to J/UJ→J/U, every prime dividing ∣Q‾∣|\overline Q|∣Q​∣ is at most ppp, and every prime dividing the index [J/U:Q‾][J/U:\overline Q][J/U:Q​] is greater than ppp. For A≤JA\le JA≤J, write H1(A,N)H^1(A,N)H1(A,N) for the set of continuous maps f:A→Nf:A\to Nf:A→N satisfying f(xy)=f(x)(x⋅f(y))f(xy)=f(x)(x\cdot f(y))f(xy)=f(x)(x⋅f(y)), modulo the equivalence relation f∼gf\sim gf∼g if there is one n∈Nn\in Nn∈N such that g(x)=n−1f(x)(x⋅n)g(x)=n^{-1}f(x)(x\cdot n)g(x)=n−1f(x)(x⋅n) for every x∈Ax\in Ax∈A; its distinguished element is the class of the constant map 111. Then the restriction map H1(J,N)→H1(Q,N)H^1(J,N)\to H^1(Q,N)H1(J,N)→H1(Q,N), [f]↦[f∣Q][f]\mapsto[f|_Q][f]↦[f∣Q​], is both injective and surjective, and sends the class of the constant map 111 to that same distinguished class. Its target is the whole cohomology set on QQQ. For a group RRR, the series condition used here means that there exist m∈Nm\in\mathbb Nm∈N and a nondecreasing sequence (Si)i∈N(S_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}(Si​)i∈N​ of normal subgroups of RRR such that S0={1}S_0=\{1\}S0​={1}, Sm=RS_m=RSm​=R, and, for each i<mi<mi<m, some ri∈Rr_i\in Rri​∈R satisfies Si+1=⟨Si,ri⟩S_{i+1}=\langle S_i,r_i\rangleSi+1​=⟨Si​,ri​⟩. Repeated terms are allowed, and m=0m=0m=0 is allowed precisely when RRR is trivial. Saying that RRR is prosupersolvable means that every quotient R/UR/UR/U by an open normal subgroup satisfies this series condition. The quotient groups J/UJ/UJ/U, their subgroup images, and their indices are finite here, so the natural-number cardinal and index conventions do not replace an infinite value by 000. A subgroup image of order 111 or index 111 imposes no prime-divisor condition on that number. Trivial JJJ or NNN are permitted; p=0p=0p=0 and p=1p=1p=1 are excluded by primality. (8) For every profinite group GGG in universe uuu and closed subgroups N,H,K≤GN,H,K\le GN,H,K≤G, assume that NNN is a finite normal subgroup of GGG and pronilpotent, and that either GGG is prosupersolvable or G/NG/NG/N is pronilpotent. Assume that every element of GGG has a unique expression nhnhnh with n∈N,h∈Hn\in N,h\in Hn∈N,h∈H and also a unique expression n′kn'kn′k with n′∈N,k∈Kn'\in N,k\in Kn′∈N,k∈K. Then there exists g∈Gg\in Gg∈G with gHg−1=KgHg^{-1}=KgHg−1=K if and only if, for every natural prime ppp, there exist a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of HHH, a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup QQQ of KKK, and gp∈Gg_p\in Ggp​∈G with gpPgp−1=Qg_pPg_p^{-1}=Qgp​Pgp−1​=Q. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤GA\le GA≤G means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in GGG, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of GGG contained in AAA with this quotient property. Saying that a topological group RRR is pronilpotent means that R/UR/UR/U is nilpotent for every open normal subgroup UUU of RRR, with the subgroup and quotient topologies understood. For a group RRR, the series condition used here means that there exist m∈Nm\in\mathbb Nm∈N and a nondecreasing sequence (Si)i∈N(S_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}(Si​)i∈N​ of normal subgroups of RRR such that S0={1}S_0=\{1\}S0​={1}, Sm=RS_m=RSm​=R, and, for each i<mi<mi<m, some ri∈Rr_i\in Rri​∈R satisfies Si+1=⟨Si,ri⟩S_{i+1}=\langle S_i,r_i\rangleSi+1​=⟨Si​,ri​⟩. Repeated terms are allowed, and m=0m=0m=0 is allowed precisely when RRR is trivial. Saying that RRR is prosupersolvable means that every quotient R/UR/UR/U by an open normal subgroup satisfies this series condition. The two unique-product assumptions include N∩H=N∩K={1}N\cap H=N\cap K=\{1\}N∩H=N∩K={1}. The groups G,H,KG,H,KG,H,K need not be finite. Trivial NNN and trivial other groups are permitted, all primes are included even when the relevant Sylow subgroups are trivial, and the local choices may vary with the prime. (9) For every profinite group GGG in universe uuu and closed subgroups N,H,K≤GN,H,K\le GN,H,K≤G, assume that NNN is a finite normal subgroup of GGG and pronilpotent, that either GGG is prosupersolvable or G/NG/NG/N is pronilpotent, and that every g∈Gg\in Gg∈G can be expressed as nhnhnh with n∈N,h∈Hn\in N,h\in Hn∈N,h∈H and also as n′kn'kn′k with n′∈N,k∈Kn'\in N,k\in Kn′∈N,k∈K. Then there exists g∈Gg\in Gg∈G with gHg−1=KgHg^{-1}=KgHg−1=K if and only if, for every natural prime ppp, there exist a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of HHH, a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup QQQ of KKK, and gp∈Gg_p\in Ggp​∈G with gpPgp−1=Qg_pPg_p^{-1}=Qgp​Pgp−1​=Q. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤GA\le GA≤G means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in GGG, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of GGG contained in AAA with this quotient property. Saying that a topological group RRR is pronilpotent means that R/UR/UR/U is nilpotent for every open normal subgroup UUU of RRR, with the subgroup and quotient topologies understood. For a group RRR, the series condition used here means that there exist m∈Nm\in\mathbb Nm∈N and a nondecreasing sequence (Si)i∈N(S_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}(Si​)i∈N​ of normal subgroups of RRR such that S0={1}S_0=\{1\}S0​={1}, Sm=RS_m=RSm​=R, and, for each i<mi<mi<m, some ri∈Rr_i\in Rri​∈R satisfies Si+1=⟨Si,ri⟩S_{i+1}=\langle S_i,r_i\rangleSi+1​=⟨Si​,ri​⟩. Repeated terms are allowed, and m=0m=0m=0 is allowed precisely when RRR is trivial. Saying that RRR is prosupersolvable means that every quotient R/UR/UR/U by an open normal subgroup satisfies this series condition. The product decompositions are not required to be unique, and the intersections with NNN are not required to be trivial. The groups G,H,KG,H,KG,H,K need not be finite. Trivial groups are allowed, and every prime is quantified, including primes whose Sylow subgroups are trivial; the local choices can depend on ppp. (10) For every profinite group GGG in universe uuu and closed subgroups N,H,K≤GN,H,K\le GN,H,K≤G, suppose that NNN is normal in GGG and its multiplication is commutative, and that every element of GGG can be expressed both as nhnhnh with n∈N,h∈Hn\in N,h\in Hn∈N,h∈H and as n′kn'kn′k with n′∈N,k∈Kn'\in N,k\in Kn′∈N,k∈K. Suppose also that for every natural prime ppp there exist a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PpP_pPp​ of KKK and an element gp∈Gg_p\in Ggp​∈G with gpPpgp−1≤Hg_pP_pg_p^{-1}\le Hgp​Pp​gp−1​≤H. Then there exists a single g∈Gg\in Gg∈G with gKg−1≤HgKg^{-1}\le HgKg−1≤H. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤GA\le GA≤G means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in GGG, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of GGG contained in AAA with this quotient property. The product expressions need not be unique, and neither intersection with NNN is required to be trivial. The conclusion is containment rather than equality. Neither the local subgroup nor its conjugating element must be independent of ppp. All natural primes are included; trivial groups, trivial NNN, and trivial Sylow subgroups are permitted, and none of these groups is required to be finite. (11) For every profinite group GGG in universe uuu, every nonempty set Ω\OmegaΩ in universe vvv with a GGG-action, and closed subgroups N,H≤GN,H\le GN,H≤G, suppose that NNN is normal in GGG and has commutative multiplication, and that every element of GGG can be expressed as nhnhnh with n∈N,h∈Hn\in N,h\in Hn∈N,h∈H. Suppose that the action is transitive, meaning that for every x,y∈Ωx,y\in\Omegax,y∈Ω some g∈Gg\in Gg∈G satisfies g⋅x=yg\cdot x=yg⋅x=y, and that each stabilizer Gx={g∈G:g⋅x=x}G_x=\{g\in G:g\cdot x=x\}Gx​={g∈G:g⋅x=x} is closed in GGG. If for every natural prime ppp there exist a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PpP_pPp​ of HHH and a point xp∈Ωx_p\in\Omegaxp​∈Ω fixed by all elements of PpP_pPp​, then there exists a point x∈Ωx\in\Omegax∈Ω fixed by every element of HHH. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤GA\le GA≤G means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in GGG, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of GGG contained in AAA with this quotient property. The points and subgroups in the hypothesis may vary with ppp. No topology on Ω\OmegaΩ is specified, and there is no separately assumed continuity of its action beyond the closed-stabilizer condition. Empty Ω\OmegaΩ is excluded, but singleton Ω\OmegaΩ, trivial groups, and trivial Sylow subgroups are allowed. All primes are quantified, no finiteness of Ω\OmegaΩ or GGG is required, and the expression nhnhnh need not be unique. (12) There exists a group homomorphism a:S3→Aut⁡(Q8)a:S_3\to\operatorname{Aut}(Q_8)a:S3​→Aut(Q8​), where S3S_3S3​ is the permutation group of the three-element set {0,1,2}\{0,1,2\}{0,1,2} and Q8Q_8Q8​ is the quaternion group of order 888, with the following simultaneous properties. The semidirect product E=Q8⋊aS3E=Q_8\rtimes_a S_3E=Q8​⋊a​S3​, whose multiplication is (n,s)(n′,s′)=(n a(s)(n′),ss′)(n,s)(n',s')=(n\,a(s)(n'),ss')(n,s)(n′,s′)=(na(s)(n′),ss′), is isomorphic as an abstract group to the group of invertible 2×22\times22×2 matrices over Z/3Z\mathbb Z/3\mathbb ZZ/3Z. Let Hb1(A,Q8)H^1_b(A,Q_8)Hb1​(A,Q8​), for an action b:A→Aut⁡(Q8)b:A\to\operatorname{Aut}(Q_8)b:A→Aut(Q8​), denote the quotient of all maps f:A→Q8f:A\to Q_8f:A→Q8​ satisfying f(xy)=f(x)b(x)(f(y))f(xy)=f(x)b(x)(f(y))f(xy)=f(x)b(x)(f(y)) by the equivalence relation f∼gf\sim gf∼g when there exists one n∈Q8n\in Q_8n∈Q8​ with g(x)=n−1f(x)b(x)(n)g(x)=n^{-1}f(x)b(x)(n)g(x)=n−1f(x)b(x)(n) for every x∈Ax\in Ax∈A; no continuity is imposed in this definition. Then Ha1(S3,Q8)H^1_a(S_3,Q_8)Ha1​(S3​,Q8​) has exactly two elements, while for every natural prime ppp and every Sylow ppp-subgroup PPP of S3S_3S3​, any two elements of Ha∣P1(P,Q8)H^1_{a|_P}(P,Q_8)Ha∣P​1​(P,Q8​) are equal. In addition, writing B={(n,1):n∈Q8}B=\{(n,1):n\in Q_8\}B={(n,1):n∈Q8​} and C={(1,s):s∈S3}C=\{(1,s):s\in S_3\}C={(1,s):s∈S3​}, there exists a subgroup J′≤EJ'\le EJ′≤E such that every element of EEE has a unique expression bj′bj'bj′ with b∈B,j′∈J′b\in B,j'\in J'b∈B,j′∈J′, for every natural prime ppp there exist Sylow ppp-subgroups Pp≤CP_p\le CPp​≤C, Qp≤J′Q_p\le J'Qp​≤J′ and ep∈Ee_p\in Eep​∈E with epPpep−1=Qpe_pP_pe_p^{-1}=Q_pep​Pp​ep−1​=Qp​, and there is no e∈Ee\in Ee∈E with eCe−1=J′eCe^{-1}=J'eCe−1=J′. Here a Sylow ppp-subgroup is a subgroup maximal among those whose every element is killed by some power of ppp. The quantifiers include primes other than 222 and 333, whose Sylow subgroups in S3S_3S3​ are trivial. Every cohomology set just defined contains the class of the constant map 111, so the assertion that any two restricted classes are equal is not an assertion about an empty set. The cardinality-two assertion concerns a finite set and therefore does not use the convention assigning natural-number cardinal 000 to an infinite set. The isomorphism with the matrix group is asserted to exist, and no particular choice of it or of the action aaa is specified. (13) There exist a profinite group GGG whose underlying type lies in universe 000 and subgroups N,J,H≤GN,J,H\le GN,J,H≤G with all the following properties. The group GGG is finite and, as an abstract group, is isomorphic to (C3{0,1,2})⋊S3(C_3^{\{0,1,2\}})\rtimes S_3(C3{0,1,2}​)⋊S3​, where C3C_3C3​ is the additive group of Z/3Z\mathbb Z/3\mathbb ZZ/3Z written multiplicatively, the function group has pointwise multiplication, S3S_3S3​ permutes {0,1,2}\{0,1,2\}{0,1,2}, and the action on functions is (s⋅b)(i)=b(s−1(i))(s\cdot b)(i)=b(s^{-1}(i))(s⋅b)(i)=b(s−1(i)); the semidirect multiplication is (b,s)(b′,s′)=(b(s⋅b′),ss′)(b,s)(b',s')=(b(s\cdot b'),ss')(b,s)(b′,s′)=(b(s⋅b′),ss′). The subgroup NNN is isomorphic to the group of triples (a,b,c)∈(Z/3Z)3(a,b,c)\in(\mathbb Z/3\mathbb Z)^3(a,b,c)∈(Z/3Z)3 with multiplication (a,b,c)(a′,b′,c′)=(a+a′,b+b′,c+c′+ab′)(a,b,c)(a',b',c')=(a+a',b+b',c+c'+ab')(a,b,c)(a′,b′,c′)=(a+a′,b+b′,c+c′+ab′), identity (0,0,0)(0,0,0)(0,0,0), and inverse (−a,−b,−c+ab)(-a,-b,-c+ab)(−a,−b,−c+ab). The subgroup JJJ is isomorphic to the additive group of Z/6Z\mathbb Z/6\mathbb ZZ/6Z written multiplicatively, and HHH is isomorphic to C3×S3C_3\times S_3C3​×S3​. Their cardinalities are exactly ∣G∣=162|G|=162∣G∣=162, ∣N∣=27|N|=27∣N∣=27, ∣J∣=6|J|=6∣J∣=6, and ∣H∣=18|H|=18∣H∣=18. The subgroup NNN is normal in GGG, every element of GGG has a unique expression njnjnj with n∈N,j∈Jn\in N,j\in Jn∈N,j∈J, both NNN and JJJ are nilpotent, and GGG satisfies the following series condition. For a group RRR, the series condition used here means that there exist m∈Nm\in\mathbb Nm∈N and a nondecreasing sequence (Si)i∈N(S_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}(Si​)i∈N​ of normal subgroups of RRR such that S0={1}S_0=\{1\}S0​={1}, Sm=RS_m=RSm​=R, and, for each i<mi<mi<m, some ri∈Rr_i\in Rri​∈R satisfies Si+1=⟨Si,ri⟩S_{i+1}=\langle S_i,r_i\rangleSi+1​=⟨Si​,ri​⟩. Repeated terms are allowed, and m=0m=0m=0 is allowed precisely when RRR is trivial. Each of N,J,HN,J,HN,J,H is closed in GGG. For every natural prime ppp there exist a Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PpP_pPp​ of JJJ and an element gp∈Gg_p\in Ggp​∈G with gpPpgp−1≤Hg_pP_pg_p^{-1}\le Hgp​Pp​gp−1​≤H, yet there is no g∈Gg\in Gg∈G with gJg−1≤HgJg^{-1}\le HgJg−1≤H, and N∩HN\cap HN∩H is not normal as a subgroup of NNN. A Sylow pro-ppp subgroup PPP of a subgroup A≤GA\le GA≤G means a subgroup P≤AP\le AP≤A that is closed in GGG, for which every quotient P/UP/UP/U by an open normal subgroup of PPP has the property that every element is killed by some power pkp^kpk with k∈Nk\in\mathbb Nk∈N, and that is maximal under inclusion among the closed subgroups of GGG contained in AAA with this quotient property. The local witnesses may depend on the prime, and the prime quantifier includes primes other than 222 and 333, with trivial Sylow subgroups of JJJ. All isomorphisms asserted are group isomorphisms, with no specified compatibility among them. The explicit finite cardinalities exclude trivial groups in this existential assertion, and none of these cardinalities uses the infinite-cardinality value 000.

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  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 30, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by burkh4rt · Sep 30, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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