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Symplectic loops fixing a basis vector are homotopic to loops in Sp(2n)⋄Id\mathrm{Sp}(2n)\diamond\mathrm{Id}Sp(2n)⋄Id

Proved
CauchyRiemannIndex.symplecticLoop_fixing_vector_homotopic_diamond

by Mazecto · Oct 16, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

cauchy-riemannconley-zehnder-indexsymplectic-geometry

Let B:[0,1]→Sp(2n+2,R)B:[0,1]\to\mathrm{Sp}(2n+2,\mathbb R)B:[0,1]→Sp(2n+2,R) be a continuous loop with B(0)=B(1)=IdB(0)=B(1)=\mathrm{Id}B(0)=B(1)=Id such that B(t)e=eB(t)e=eB(t)e=e for all ttt, where eee is the last basis vector of the qqq-block of R2n+2=Rqn+1×Rpn+1\mathbb R^{2n+2}=\mathbb R^{n+1}_q\times\mathbb R^{n+1}_pR2n+2=Rqn+1​×Rpn+1​. Then there are a continuous loop B′:[0,1]→Sp(2n,R)B':[0,1]\to\mathrm{Sp}(2n,\mathbb R)B′:[0,1]→Sp(2n,R) with B′(0)=B′(1)=IdB'(0)=B'(1)=\mathrm{Id}B′(0)=B′(1)=Id and a continuous Φ:[0,1]×[0,1]→Sp(2n+2,R)\Phi:[0,1]\times[0,1]\to\mathrm{Sp}(2n+2,\mathbb R)Φ:[0,1]×[0,1]→Sp(2n+2,R) with

Φ(0,t)=B(t),Φ(1,t)=B′(t)⋄Id2,Φ(s,0)=Φ(s,1)=Id.\Phi(0,t)=B(t),\qquad \Phi(1,t)=B'(t)\diamond\mathrm{Id}_{2},\qquad \Phi(s,0)=\Phi(s,1)=\mathrm{Id}.Φ(0,t)=B(t),Φ(1,t)=B′(t)⋄Id2​,Φ(s,0)=Φ(s,1)=Id.

Here A⋄CA\diamond CA⋄C is the block-diagonal embedding Sp(2n)×Sp(2)→Sp(2n+2)\mathrm{Sp}(2n)\times\mathrm{Sp}(2)\to\mathrm{Sp}(2n+2)Sp(2n)×Sp(2)→Sp(2n+2), (q′,p′)⊕(q′′,p′′)↦(q′,q′′,p′,p′′)(q',p')\oplus(q'',p'')\mapsto(q',q'',p',p'')(q′,p′)⊕(q′′,p′′)↦(q′,q′′,p′,p′′).

Thus every based loop in the stabiliser of eee is homotopic, through based symplectic loops, to a loop coming from Sp(2n)\mathrm{Sp}(2n)Sp(2n).

Formalization Note. R2n×2n\mathbb R^{2n\times2n}R2n×2n is Mat n (real matrices indexed by Fin n ⊕ Fin n, first block qqq, second block ppp) and J0=(0−IdId0)J_0=\begin{pmatrix}0&-\mathrm{Id}\\ \mathrm{Id}&0\end{pmatrix}J0​=(0Id​−Id0​) is Matrix.J; IsSymplectic A is membership in Matrix.symplecticGroup. Vectors of R2n\mathbb R^{2n}R2n are functions Fin n ⊕ Fin n → ℝ and AvAvAv is A *ᵥ v. eee is Pi.single (Sum.inl (Fin.last n)) 1, and A⋄CA\diamond CA⋄C is ConleyZehnder.diamond A C from the Conley-Zehnder setting definitions (Mat there is the same type), here with C = (1 : Mat 1).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CauchyRiemannIndex_Setting
import Definitions.Def_ConleyZehnder_Setting
Formal statement
namespace CauchyRiemannIndex

open Matrix

/-- A loop in `Sp(2n + 2)` based at `Id` that fixes the basis vector `e = q_{n+1}` is homotopic,
through loops in `Sp(2n + 2)` based at `Id`, to a loop `B' ⋄ Id` with `B'` a loop in `Sp(2n)`
based at `Id`. -/
theorem symplecticLoop_fixing_vector_homotopic_diamond (n : ℕ)
    (B : C(unitInterval, Mat (n + 1))) (hs : ∀ t, IsSymplectic (B t)) (h0 : B 0 = 1)
    (h1 : B 1 = 1)
    (he : ∀ t, B t *ᵥ Pi.single (Sum.inl (Fin.last n)) 1 = Pi.single (Sum.inl (Fin.last n)) 1) :
    ∃ B' : C(unitInterval, Mat n), (∀ t, IsSymplectic (B' t)) ∧ B' 0 = 1 ∧ B' 1 = 1 ∧
      ∃ Φ : C(unitInterval × unitInterval, Mat (n + 1)), (∀ t, Φ (0, t) = B t) ∧
        (∀ t, Φ (1, t) = ConleyZehnder.diamond (B' t) (1 : Mat 1)) ∧
        (∀ s t, IsSymplectic (Φ (s, t))) ∧ (∀ s, Φ (s, 0) = 1) ∧ ∀ s, Φ (s, 1) = 1 := by sorry

end CauchyRiemannIndex
Source
C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, arXiv:1612.01009, https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01009, Lecture 3, §3.4, p. 62 (Theorem 3.34 and the Maslov index of loops in Sp(2n)\mathrm{Sp}(2n)Sp(2n)); J. Gutt, Generalized Conley-Zehnder index, Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse 23 (2014), arXiv:1307.7239, §2 (the map ρ^\hat\rhoρ^​, eq. (9))

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