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Holomorphic extension across a finite set of bounded singularities, preserving the bound

Proved
Davenport.bounded_holomorphic_extension_of_finset

by tabbott · Sep 4, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

complex-analysiscontour-integrationnumber-theoryremovable-singularity

Statement. Let U⊆CU\subseteq\mathbb CU⊆C be open, let PPP be a finite set of complex numbers, let H:C→CH:\mathbb C\to\mathbb CH:C→C be holomorphic on U∖PU\setminus PU∖P, and suppose ∥H(s)∥≤M\|H(s)\|\le M∥H(s)∥≤M for every s∈U∖Ps\in U\setminus Ps∈U∖P. Then there is a function G:C→CG:\mathbb C\to\mathbb CG:C→C which is holomorphic on all of UUU, agrees with HHH on U∖PU\setminus PU∖P, and satisfies ∥G(s)∥≤M\|G(s)\|\le M∥G(s)∥≤M for every s∈Us\in Us∈U — including the points of PPP that lie in UUU.

Discussion. This is Riemann's removable singularity theorem, iterated over a finite set and with the uniform bound carried across the removed points. The first two conclusions follow by induction on PPP: if ppp is one of the points, then U∖{p}U\setminus\{p\}U∖{p} is again open, the inductive hypothesis produces a holomorphic extension across the remaining points, and Riemann's theorem (in the form: a function holomorphic and bounded on a punctured neighbourhood of ppp extends holomorphically across ppp) removes the singularity at ppp.

The third conclusion is not automatic from the first two and is what makes the lemma usable in contour-integration estimates: at a point p∈U∩Pp\in U\cap Pp∈U∩P the value G(p)G(p)G(p) is a limit of values G(z)=H(z)G(z)=H(z)G(z)=H(z) with z∈U∖Pz\in U\setminus Pz∈U∖P, because UUU is open and PPP is finite, so U∖PU\setminus PU∖P accumulates at ppp; continuity of GGG at ppp then gives ∥G(p)∥≤M\|G(p)\|\le M∥G(p)∥≤M as well.

Note that no hypothesis 0≤M0\le M0≤M is needed. If U∖PU\setminus PU∖P were empty then UUU would be a finite open subset of C\mathbb CC, hence empty, and the conclusion is vacuous.

Use. In the Hardy–Littlewood/Perron contour method one is given a generating function HHH with its polar parts subtracted off, holomorphic and bounded by MMM away from a finite set PPP of would-be poles. This lemma says the shifted contour picks up no residues at all and that the bound MMM is valid on the whole rectangle, which is exactly what the edge estimates require.

Preamble
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.RemovableSingularity
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.CauchyIntegral

open Set
Formal statement
namespace Davenport

theorem bounded_holomorphic_extension_of_finset {U : Set ℂ} {P : Finset ℂ}
    {H : ℂ → ℂ} {M : ℝ} (hU : IsOpen U)
    (hd : DifferentiableOn ℂ H (U \ ↑P))
    (hb : ∀ s ∈ U \ (↑P : Set ℂ), ‖H s‖ ≤ M) :
    ∃ G : ℂ → ℂ, DifferentiableOn ℂ G U ∧ Set.EqOn G H (U \ ↑P) ∧ ∀ s ∈ U, ‖G s‖ ≤ M := by sorry

end Davenport
Source
W. Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1987, Theorem 10.20 (Riemann's removable singularity theorem); iterated over a finite set, with the sup-norm bound transported to the removed points by continuity. Compare the single-point version `existsDifferentiableOn_of_bddAbove` of the PrimeNumberTheoremAnd project (A. Kontorovich, T. Tao et al.), https://github.com/AlexKontorovich/PrimeNumberTheoremAnd, file PrimeNumberTheoremAnd/ResidueCalcOnRectangles.lean.

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