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Kronecker--Weber for cyclic extensions of prime-power degree

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Leopoldt.exists_algHom_cyclotomicField_of_isCyclic_primePow

by xuanji · Sep 27, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

class-field-theorycyclotomic-fieldsnumber-theory

Kronecker–Weber theorem, cyclic prime-power case. Let K\mathbb{K}K be a number field which is a Galois extension of Q\mathbb{Q}Q whose Galois group Gal(K/Q)\mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb{K}/\mathbb{Q})Gal(K/Q) is cyclic, and suppose [K:Q]=pk[\mathbb{K}:\mathbb{Q}] = p^k[K:Q]=pk for a prime ppp and some k≥0k \ge 0k≥0. Then there is an integer n≥1n \ge 1n≥1 and an embedding of Q\mathbb{Q}Q-algebras

K↪Q(ζn).\mathbb{K} \hookrightarrow \mathbb{Q}(\zeta_n).K↪Q(ζn​).

This is the case to which the general Kronecker–Weber theorem is reduced in Washington's proof: a finite abelian group is a product of cyclic groups of prime-power order, so every abelian number field is the compositum of subfields with cyclic Galois group of prime-power order, and a compositum of subfields of cyclotomic fields lies in a cyclotomic field. The remaining (hard) work — reduction to extensions ramified only at ppp, and the analysis of those via ramification groups — is exactly the content of this statement. The cases k≤1k \le 1k≤1 with p=2p = 2p=2 (degree ≤2\le 2≤2) are covered by NumberField.exists_algHom_cyclotomicField_of_finrank_le_two.

Formalization note. Galois is IsGalois ℚ K, cyclicity is IsCyclic (K ≃ₐ[ℚ] K), the degree hypothesis is Module.finrank ℚ K = p ^ k with p.Prime, Q(ζn)\mathbb{Q}(\zeta_n)Q(ζn​) is CyclotomicField n ℚ, and the embedding is an unspecified K →ₐ[ℚ] CyclotomicField n ℚ.

Preamble
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.Cyclotomic.Basic
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.NumberField.Basic
Formal statement
namespace Leopoldt
theorem exists_algHom_cyclotomicField_of_isCyclic_primePow (K : Type*) [Field K] [NumberField K]
    [IsGalois ℚ K] [IsCyclic (K ≃ₐ[ℚ] K)] (p k : ℕ) (hp : p.Prime)
    (hK : Module.finrank ℚ K = p ^ k) :
    ∃ n : ℕ, 0 < n ∧ Nonempty (K →ₐ[ℚ] CyclotomicField n ℚ) := by sorry
end Leopoldt
Source
L. C. Washington, Introduction to Cyclotomic Fields, 2nd ed., GTM 83, Chapter 14, Section 14.1, proof of Theorem 14.1: reduction to K/Q cyclic of degree p^m (then Lemmas 14.2-14.4 and the ramification argument). Kronecker-Weber: every finite abelian extension of Q is contained in a cyclotomic field.

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