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Pushing one row inward toward a vertex induces a graph contraction

Proved
Hirsch.spindle_inward_row_push_graph

by elmismisimoxhunca · Sep 6, 2026 · Mathlib c5ea003 (Lean v4.30.0)

hirsch-conjecturepolytopessantos-counterexample

Let K=Hpoly(A,B)K=\mathrm{Hpoly}(A,B)K=Hpoly(A,B) be bounded with Bi>0B_i>0Bi​>0, let p,qp,qp,q be vertices, row rrr tight at ppp and slack at qqq, and hhh a direction with ⟨h,p⟩=0\langle h,p\rangle=0⟨h,p⟩=0 such that on the face {x∈K:⟨Ar,x⟩=Br}\{x\in K:\langle A_r,x\rangle=B_r\}{x∈K:⟨Ar​,x⟩=Br​} one has ⟨h,x⟩≤0\langle h,x\rangle\le 0⟨h,x⟩≤0 with equality only at x=px=px=p (an 'inward push toward ppp'). Replace ArA_rAr​ by Ar+s hA_r+s\,hAr​+sh for 0<s<η0<s<\eta0<s<η. Then for some η>0\eta>0η>0: the perturbed polytope is bounded, ppp and qqq remain vertices, and there is a map φ\varphiφ from vertices of the perturbed polytope to vertices of KKK fixing ppp and qqq that sends every perturbed edge to an edge of KKK or collapses it to a point.

This is the primal form of Santos' Lemma 2.2 (pushing a vertex does not decrease dual distances). The proof classifies vertices of the perturbed polytope by their tight bases: bases invertible at s=0s=0s=0 give branches converging to old vertices, and bases that become invertible only for s>0s>0s>0 are constant branches lying on the old rrr-face with ⟨h,x⟩=0\langle h,x\rangle=0⟨h,x⟩=0, hence equal to ppp. Edges are handled by the rank of their common tight rows, with an explicit finite-minor bound on η\etaη.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Hirsch_model

open scoped RealInnerProductSpace
open WithLp EuclideanSpace
Formal statement
namespace Hirsch

theorem spindle_inward_row_push_graph
    (m N : ℕ) (A : Fin N → EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin m))
    (B : Fin N → ℝ) (r : Fin N)
    (p q h : EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin m))
    (hB : ∀ i, 0 < B i)
    (hbd : Bornology.IsBounded (Hpoly A B))
    (hp : p ∈ Set.extremePoints ℝ (Hpoly A B))
    (hq : q ∈ Set.extremePoints ℝ (Hpoly A B))
    (hrp : ⟪A r, p⟫ = B r) (hrq : ⟪A r, q⟫ < B r)
    (hhp : ⟪h, p⟫ = 0)
    (hin : ∀ x ∈ Hpoly A B, ⟪A r, x⟫ = B r →
      ⟪h, x⟫ ≤ 0 ∧ (⟪h, x⟫ = 0 → x = p)) :
    ∃ η : ℝ, 0 < η ∧ ∀ s : ℝ, 0 < s → s < η →
      let As := fun i => if i = r then A i + s • h else A i
      Bornology.IsBounded (Hpoly As B) ∧
      p ∈ Set.extremePoints ℝ (Hpoly As B) ∧
      q ∈ Set.extremePoints ℝ (Hpoly As B) ∧
      ∃ φ : EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin m) → EuclideanSpace ℝ (Fin m),
        φ p = p ∧ φ q = q ∧
        (∀ x ∈ Set.extremePoints ℝ (Hpoly As B),
          φ x ∈ Set.extremePoints ℝ (Hpoly A B)) ∧
        (∀ x y, Adj (Hpoly As B) x y →
          φ x = φ y ∨ Adj (Hpoly A B) (φ x) (φ y)) := by sorry

end Hirsch
Source
F. Santos, A counterexample to the Hirsch conjecture, Annals of Math. 176 (2012), arXiv:1006.2814, Section 2 (Lemma 2.2 'pushing', Lemma 2.4, proof of Theorem 2.6 last paragraph); B. Matschke, F. Santos, C. Weibel, arXiv:1202.4701, Lemma 2.15. Primal transcription: campaign plan ~/hirsch-campaign/plans/spindle_axis_plan_astra.md (2026-09-06).

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