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Tree-safety is invariant under x↦ux+vx\mapsto ux+vx↦ux+v, uuu odd

Proved
Erdos195.treeLt_safe_affine

by Ethan Cheung Wang · Oct 23, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

arithmetic-progressionscombinatoricserdos-problems

A tree witness is a function θ(k,r)∈{0,1}\theta(k,r)\in\{0,1\}θ(k,r)∈{0,1} on the nodes (k,r)(k,r)(k,r), 0≤r<2k0\le r<2^k0≤r<2k, of the binary tree of residues. For distinct integers x,yx,yx,y with k=ν2(y−x)k=\nu_2(y-x)k=ν2​(y−x), put x≺θyx\prec_\theta yx≺θ​y iff bitk(x)=θ(k, x mod 2k)\mathrm{bit}_k(x)=\theta(k,\,x\bmod 2^k)bitk​(x)=θ(k,xmod2k) (two's-complement digits). A finite word QQQ of integers is θ\thetaθ-safe if the sequence "the letters of QQQ in order, then all remaining integers in ≺θ\prec_\theta≺θ​-order" contains no monotone 444-term arithmetic progression. Let uuu be odd and v∈Zv\in\mathbb{Z}v∈Z. If QQQ is θ\thetaθ-safe, then the letterwise image uQ+vuQ+vuQ+v is θ′\theta'θ′-safe for some tree witness θ′\theta'θ′:

Q θ-safe ⟹ ∃θ′: (ux1+v,…,uxn+v) θ′-safe.Q\ \theta\text{-safe}\ \Longrightarrow\ \exists\theta':\ (ux_1+v,\dots,ux_n+v)\ \theta'\text{-safe}.Q θ-safe ⟹ ∃θ′: (ux1​+v,…,uxn​+v) θ′-safe.

Thus tree-safety, unlike ε\varepsilonε-safety, is invariant under all affine maps x↦ux+vx\mapsto ux+vx↦ux+v with uuu odd.

Formalization note: treeLt θ is from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree; Safe, bitOne, No3AP, Star, HasMonotoneAP are from Definitions.Def_Erdos195_defs. Positions in a word are List.idxOf; ν2\nu_2ν2​ is padicValInt 2.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Erdos195_tree
Formal statement
namespace Erdos195

theorem treeLt_safe_affine (u v : ℤ) (hu : Odd u) (θ : ℕ → ℤ → Bool) (Q : List ℤ)
    (h : Safe (treeLt θ) Q) :
    ∃ θ' : ℕ → ℤ → Bool, Safe (treeLt θ') (Q.map (fun x => u * x + v)) := by sorry

end Erdos195
Source
Erdős Problem 195 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/195); tree-witness framework and statement from GPT 6 Astra (Oct 23 2026 answers), Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung

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