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Triple-deficit upper bound for the Schatten ppp-norm via the radial Mazur map

Proved
HlawkaSchatten.tripleGap_radial_le

by savarin · Sep 27, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

hlawka-inequalityhlawka-schattenoperator-inequalitiesschatten-norms

Let E,FE,FE,F be finite-dimensional complex inner-product spaces, let p>1p>1p>1, let m,M∈Rm,M\in\mathbb{R}m,M∈R with m≥0m\ge0m≥0, and let x,y,z:E→Fx,y,z:E\to Fx,y,z:E→F be any three complex-linear maps, possibly zero. Write ∥⋅∥p\|\cdot\|_p∥⋅∥p​ for the Schatten ppp-norm (schattenPNorm). The rectangular Mazur map MpM_pMp​ (rectangularMazurMap) is obtained by applying t↦sign⁡(t)∣t∣p/2t\mapsto\operatorname{sign}(t)|t|^{p/2}t↦sign(t)∣t∣p/2 to the eigenvalues of the Hermitian dilation T^(ξ,η)=(T∗η,Tξ)\widehat T(\xi,\eta)=(T^\ast\eta,T\xi)T(ξ,η)=(T∗η,Tξ) on E⊕FE\oplus FE⊕F, then taking the lower-left block. It carries the Schatten-ppp power sphere onto the Schatten-222 power sphere. It is generally nonlinear; at p=2p=2p=2 it is the identity. Define the radial rectangular image Φp\Phi_pΦp​ (radialRectangularMazurMap) by

Φp(T)=∥T∥p Mp ⁣(T∥T∥p)(T≠0),Φp(0)=0.\Phi_p(T)=\|T\|_p\,M_p\!\left(\frac{T}{\|T\|_p}\right)\quad(T\ne0),\qquad \Phi_p(0)=0.Φp​(T)=∥T∥p​Mp​(∥T∥p​T​)(T=0),Φp​(0)=0.

Record Φp(T)\Phi_p(T)Φp​(T) by its values on a fixed orthonormal basis of EEE, obtaining the vector Ψp(T)\Psi_p(T)Ψp​(T) in the Hilbert space of column tuples with its ℓ2\ell^2ℓ2 norm (radialMazurHilbertMap). Then Ψp(0)=0\Psi_p(0)=0Ψp​(0)=0 and ∥Ψp(T)∥=∥T∥p\|\Psi_p(T)\|=\|T\|_p∥Ψp​(T)∥=∥T∥p​ for every TTT. Define the triple deficit and its mapped counterpart by

tgap(x,y,z)=∥x∥p+∥y∥p+∥z∥p−∥x+y+z∥p,mtgap(x,y,z)=∥x∥p+∥y∥p+∥z∥p−∥Ψp(x)+Ψp(y)+Ψp(z)∥.\begin{aligned} \mathrm{tgap}(x,y,z)&=\|x\|_p+\|y\|_p+\|z\|_p-\|x+y+z\|_p,\\ \mathrm{mtgap}(x,y,z)&=\|x\|_p+\|y\|_p+\|z\|_p-\|\Psi_p(x)+\Psi_p(y)+\Psi_p(z)\|. \end{aligned}tgap(x,y,z)mtgap(x,y,z)​=∥x∥p​+∥y∥p​+∥z∥p​−∥x+y+z∥p​,=∥x∥p​+∥y∥p​+∥z∥p​−∥Ψp​(x)+Ψp​(y)+Ψp​(z)∥.​

For any two complex-linear maps S,T:E→FS,T:E\to FS,T:E→F, write Bp(S,T)B_p(S,T)Bp​(S,T) (dilatedBregmanTrace) and Dp(S,T)D_p(S,T)Dp​(S,T) (dilatedMazurDistanceSq) for the trace-level Bregman divergence and squared Mazur distance between S^\widehat SS and T^\widehat TT, built respectively from the scalar potential ∣t∣p/p|t|^p/p∣t∣p/p and the odd map t↦sign⁡(t)∣t∣p/2t\mapsto\operatorname{sign}(t)|t|^{p/2}t↦sign(t)∣t∣p/2. Assume the uniform two-sided bound

m Dp(S,T)≤Bp(S,T)≤M Dp(S,T)m\,D_p(S,T)\le B_p(S,T)\le M\,D_p(S,T)mDp​(S,T)≤Bp​(S,T)≤MDp​(S,T)

holds for every pair S,T:E→FS,T:E\to FS,T:E→F. Then

tgap(x,y,z)  ≤  2M⋅mtgap(x,y,z).\mathrm{tgap}(x,y,z) \;\le\; 2M\cdot \mathrm{mtgap}(x,y,z).tgap(x,y,z)≤2M⋅mtgap(x,y,z).

This is the three-operator specialization of the family-level deficit estimate, extended to include vanishing inputs. Only the upper bound needed in the final transfer is stated. When m>0m>0m>0 and M≥0M\ge0M≥0, it combines with the three pair lower bounds and the classical Hilbert-space Hlawka inequality for the mapped vectors to give a Hlawka constant M/mM/mM/m. If the same comparison constants work in every dimension, the resulting constant is dimension independent.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_HlawkaSchatten_Final
import Definitions.Def_HlawkaSchatten_GapComparison
import Definitions.Def_HlawkaSchatten_HermitianDilation
import Definitions.Def_HlawkaSchatten_MazurGapComparison
import Definitions.Def_HlawkaSchatten_SchattenNorm
import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.LHopital
import Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.Deriv
import Mathlib.Analysis.Convex.SpecificFunctions.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.Adjoint
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.Dual
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.NormPow
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.PiL2
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.ProdL2
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.SingularValues
import Mathlib.Analysis.InnerProductSpace.Trace
import Mathlib.Data.Sign.Basic
import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Charpoly.Basic
import Mathlib.Topology.Compactification.OnePoint.Basic
import Mathlib.Topology.Instances.Sign

/-
Copyright (c) 2026 Ezzeri Esa. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Ezzeri Esa
-/

/-!
# Dimension-independent Hlawka constants for Schatten norms

This file removes the unit-sphere normalization from the variational
comparison and performs the final Hilbert-space Hlawka transfer.
-/


open scoped InnerProductSpace

variable {E F : Type*}
  [NormedAddCommGroup E] [InnerProductSpace ℂ E] [FiniteDimensional ℂ E]
  [NormedAddCommGroup F] [InnerProductSpace ℂ F] [FiniteDimensional ℂ F]

open HlawkaSchatten
Formal statement
theorem HlawkaSchatten.tripleGap_radial_le
    {p m M : ℝ} (hp : 1 < p) (hm : 0 ≤ m)
    (x y z : E →ₗ[ℂ] F)
    (hbound : ∀ S T : E →ₗ[ℂ] F,
      m * dilatedMazurDistanceSq p S T ≤ dilatedBregmanTrace p S T ∧
        dilatedBregmanTrace p S T ≤ M * dilatedMazurDistanceSq p S T) :
    tripleGap (schattenPNorm p) x y z ≤
      2 * M * mappedTripleGap (schattenPNorm p) (radialMazurHilbertMap p) x y z := by sorry
Source
https://github.com/savarin/hlawka-schatten/blob/79aa498bfcf7b22bd91d771fb32ec278e2d4704b/HlawkaSchatten/Final.lean#L211-L236

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