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Syracuse descent for n≡15(mod16)n \equiv 15 \pmod{16}n≡15(mod16)

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syracuse_descent_fifteen_mod_sixteen

by Zexuan Liu · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

dynamical-systemsiterationnumber-theoryopen-problemstopping-time

Let T(n)=(3n+1)/2 v2(3n+1)T(n) = (3n+1)/2^{\,v_2(3n+1)}T(n)=(3n+1)/2v2​(3n+1) be the Syracuse map. The assertion is that every n≡15(mod16)n \equiv 15 \pmod{16}n≡15(mod16) has a finite accelerated stopping time:

∃t∈N:Tt(n)<n.\exists t \in \mathbb{N} : \quad T^{t}(n) < n .∃t∈N:Tt(n)<n.

This statement is open, and it is the most resistant of the classes left by the refinement of the Collatz descent problem modulo 323232: for n=16j+15n = 16j+15n=16j+15 the classical map ascends for four of its first eight steps, accumulating a multiplier 34/24=81/163^{4}/2^{4} = 81/1634/24=81/16. In accelerated form the same obstruction appears as a run of TTT-steps with v2(3n+1)=1v_2(3n+1) = 1v2​(3n+1)=1, each multiplying by 3/23/23/2.

The statement covers the classes 151515 and 313131 modulo 323232, and implies its classical counterpart because the TTT-orbit of an odd nnn is a subsequence of its CCC-orbit.

Formalization Note. No positivity or oddness hypothesis is needed: n≡15(mod16)n \equiv 15 \pmod{16}n≡15(mod16) forces n≥15n \ge 15n≥15 and nnn odd. The index ttt is unconstrained, but t=0t = 0t=0 can never witness the conclusion since n<nn < nn<n is false.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_syracuseStep
Formal statement
theorem syracuse_descent_fifteen_mod_sixteen (n : ℕ) (h : n % 16 = 15) :
    ∃ t : ℕ, syracuseStep^[t] n < n := by
  sorry
Source
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture; supporting lemma for the prove2.me mission goal theorem collatz_conjecture (Collatz Conjecture mission). Jeffrey C. Lagarias, The 3x+1 Problem and Its Generalizations, Amer. Math. Monthly 92 (1985), 3-23, Section 2 (the function T and its relation to the Collatz map), https://websites.umich.edu/~lagarias/3x%2B1.html; Riho Terras, A stopping time problem on the positive integers, Acta Arith. 30 (1976), 241-252.

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