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Tube coordinates near a periodic Reeb orbit on a star-shaped level

Proved
FiniteEnergyPlane.exists_reebTube_coords

by Mazecto · Oct 29, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

asymptotic-analysiscontact-geometryreeb-dynamics

Let S=H−1(1)⊂R2n+2S=H^{-1}(1)\subset\mathbb{R}^{2n+2}S=H−1(1)⊂R2n+2 be a strictly star-shaped level with contact planes ξx=ker⁡λ0(x)∩ker⁡dH(x)\xi_x=\ker\lambda_0(x)\cap\ker dH(x)ξx​=kerλ0​(x)∩kerdH(x), P=(x,T)P=(x,T)P=(x,T) a periodic Reeb orbit on SSS, ε=±1\varepsilon=\pm1ε=±1 and c∈Rc\in\mathbb{R}c∈R. Let w:R2→R2n+2w:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}^{2n+2}w:R2→R2n+2 take values in SSS for s>s0s>s_0s>s0​, be 111-periodic in ttt, and satisfy w(s,t)−x(εTt+c)→0w(s,t)-x(\varepsilon Tt+c)\to0w(s,t)−x(εTt+c)→0 in C∞C^\inftyC∞, uniformly in ttt, as s→+∞s\to+\inftys→+∞. Then there are functions τ\tauτ, hhh and constants s1s_1s1​, KKK such that τ(s,t)−εTt−c→0\tau(s,t)-\varepsilon Tt-c\to0τ(s,t)−εTt−c→0 and h→0h\to0h→0 in C∞C^\inftyC∞, and for all s≥s1s\ge s_1s≥s1​ and all ttt:

  • τ(s,t+1)=τ(s,t)+εT\tau(s,t+1)=\tau(s,t)+\varepsilon Tτ(s,t+1)=τ(s,t)+εT and h(s,t+1)=h(s,t)h(s,t+1)=h(s,t)h(s,t+1)=h(s,t);
  • h(s,t)∈ξx(τ(s,t))h(s,t)\in\xi_{x(\tau(s,t))}h(s,t)∈ξx(τ(s,t))​ and w(s,t)=proj(x(τ(s,t))+h(s,t))w(s,t)=\mathrm{proj}\big(x(\tau(s,t))+h(s,t)\big)w(s,t)=proj(x(τ(s,t))+h(s,t));
  • ∥w(s,t)−x(τ(s,t))∥≤K∥h(s,t)∥\|w(s,t)-x(\tau(s,t))\|\le K\|h(s,t)\|∥w(s,t)−x(τ(s,t))∥≤K∥h(s,t)∥ and ∥w(s,t)−x(εTt+c)∥≤K(∥h(s,t)∥+∣τ(s,t)−εTt−c∣)\|w(s,t)-x(\varepsilon Tt+c)\|\le K\big(\|h(s,t)\|+|\tau(s,t)-\varepsilon Tt-c|\big)∥w(s,t)−x(εTt+c)∥≤K(∥h(s,t)∥+∣τ(s,t)−εTt−c∣).

These are the tube coordinates (τ,h)(\tau,h)(τ,h) in which the asymptotic behaviour of a finite-energy curve near a Reeb orbit is described (as in Hryniewicz, Theorem 2.11); τ\tauτ is the position along the orbit and hhh the component normal to it.

Formalization Note proj H is the radial projection onto SSS, IsInXi H x v means v∈ξxv\in\xi_xv∈ξx​, and C∞C^\inftyC∞ convergence is TendstoZeroCInfty (smooth on some (s0,∞)×R(s_0,\infty)\times\mathbb{R}(s0​,∞)×R, every derivative tends to 000 uniformly in ttt). Norms on V=R2n+2V=\mathbb{R}^{2n+2}V=R2n+2 are sup norms.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_FiniteEnergyPlane_Asymptotics
Formal statement
namespace FiniteEnergyPlane

open MeasureTheory Metric Filter Topology
open scoped ContDiff ENNReal Real

/-- Tube coordinates around a periodic Reeb orbit `P = (x, T)` on a strictly star-shaped level `S`.
Let `w(s, t) ∈ S` (for `s > s₀`) be `1`-periodic in `t` with `w(s, t) - x(εTt + c) → 0` in `C^∞`.
Then for `s ≥ s₁` the map `w` is written as `w = proj H (x(τ) + h)` with `h ∈ ξ_{x(τ)}`, where
`τ(s, t + 1) = τ(s, t) + εT`, `h` is `1`-periodic, `τ(s, t) - εTt - c → 0` and `h → 0` in `C^∞`,
and `‖w - x(τ)‖ ≤ K ‖h‖`, `‖w - x(εTt + c)‖ ≤ K (‖h‖ + |τ - εTt - c|)`. -/
theorem exists_reebTube_coords {n : ℕ} (H : V n → ℝ) (hH : IsStrictlyStarShapedLevel H)
    (P : ReebOrbit H) (ε : ℝ) (hε : ε = 1 ∨ ε = -1) (c : ℝ) (w : ℝ × ℝ → V n) (s₀ : ℝ)
    (hwS : ∀ s > s₀, ∀ t : ℝ, H (w (s, t)) = 1)
    (hwper : ∀ s t : ℝ, w (s, t + 1) = w (s, t))
    (hw : TendstoZeroCInfty (fun p : ℝ × ℝ => w p - P.x (ε * P.T * p.2 + c))) :
    ∃ (τ : ℝ × ℝ → ℝ) (h : ℝ × ℝ → V n) (s₁ K : ℝ),
      TendstoZeroCInfty (fun p : ℝ × ℝ => τ p - ε * P.T * p.2 - c) ∧ TendstoZeroCInfty h ∧
      ∀ s ≥ s₁, ∀ t : ℝ,
        τ (s, t + 1) = τ (s, t) + ε * P.T ∧ h (s, t + 1) = h (s, t) ∧
        IsInXi H (P.x (τ (s, t))) (h (s, t)) ∧ w (s, t) = proj H (P.x (τ (s, t)) + h (s, t)) ∧
        ‖w (s, t) - P.x (τ (s, t))‖ ≤ K * ‖h (s, t)‖ ∧
        ‖w (s, t) - P.x (ε * P.T * t + c)‖ ≤ K * (‖h (s, t)‖ + |τ (s, t) - ε * P.T * t - c|) := by
  sorry

end FiniteEnergyPlane
Source
U. Hryniewicz, J. Symplectic Geom. 12 (2014), arXiv:1105.2077, Theorem 2.10; H. Hofer, K. Wysocki, E. Zehnder, Properties of pseudoholomorphic curves in symplectisations I: asymptotics, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire 13 (1996); C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory (2026 notes), Proposition 6.7.1

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