Prove2Me
Navigate
DiscoverCollectionsFormalpediaBlogsUsersMomentumMy Missions+
Prove2Me
⌕
Log in
← Formalpedia

Standard Schwarzschild metric is Lorentzian on its domain

Proved
ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.Std.lorentz

by He Wang · Oct 13, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

coordinate-geometryexact-vacuum-atlasgeneral-relativitylorentzian-signatureschwarzschild-metric

Let MMM be a real number and x∈UMstd={r>0, r≠2M, 0<θ<π}x\in U^{\rm std}_M=\{r>0,\ r\neq2M,\ 0<\theta<\pi\}x∈UMstd​={r>0, r=2M, 0<θ<π}. Then the matrix gMstd(x)g^{\rm std}_M(x)gMstd​(x) of the standard Schwarzschild metric gMstdg^{\rm std}_MgMstd​ (bundle Atlas_Schwarzschild_Defs, coordinates (t,r,θ,φ)(t,r,\theta,\varphi)(t,r,θ,φ)): gtt=−(1−2M/r)g_{tt}=-(1-2M/r)gtt​=−(1−2M/r), grr=1/(1−2M/r)g_{rr}=1/(1-2M/r)grr​=1/(1−2M/r), gθθ=r2g_{\theta\theta}=r^2gθθ​=r2, gφφ=r2sin⁡2θg_{\varphi\varphi}=r^2\sin^2\thetagφφ​=r2sin2θ, other entries 000, with candidate inverse g^tt=−1/(1−2M/r)\hat g^{tt}=-1/(1-2M/r)g^​tt=−1/(1−2M/r), g^rr=1−2M/r\hat g^{rr}=1-2M/rg^​rr=1−2M/r, g^θθ=1/r2\hat g^{\theta\theta}=1/r^2g^​θθ=1/r2, g^φφ=1/(r2sin⁡2θ)\hat g^{\varphi\varphi}=1/(r^2\sin^2\theta)g^​φφ=1/(r2sin2θ) is Lorentzian: there is a matrix EEE with invertible determinant and ETgMstd(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1)E^{\mathsf T}g^{\rm std}_M(x)E=\mathrm{diag}(-1,1,1,1)ETgMstd​(x)E=diag(−1,1,1,1).

Signature obligation of row 3, valid on both the exterior (r>2Mr>2Mr>2M) and, for M>0M>0M>0, the interior (0<r<2M0<r<2M0<r<2M) component, where ∂r\partial_r∂r​ is the timelike direction and the frame columns are swapped.

Formalization Note Everything is coordinate-level on R4\mathbb R^4R4 (points are functions {0,1,2,3}→R\{0,1,2,3\}\to\mathbb R{0,1,2,3}→R): no manifold, chart gluing, periodicity of φ\varphiφ, horizon, causal or global statement is made. Partial derivatives are Mathlib's deriv of coordinate slices; the certificates' C∞C^\inftyC∞ obligations make every derivative used a genuine derivative. Units G=c=1G=c=1G=c=1, signature (−,+,+,+)(-,+,+,+)(−,+,+,+).

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Basic
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Core_Certificate
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Defs
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_Domain
import Definitions.Def_Atlas_Schwarzschild_StdParts
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_CoordGeometry
import Definitions.Def_KerrBL_Kerr_Metric
open Real
open scoped ContDiff
open ExactVacuumAtlas ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild
open ExactVacuumAtlas
open ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild
open ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.Std
set_option maxHeartbeats 4000000
Formal statement
theorem ExactVacuumAtlas.Schwarzschild.Std.lorentz (M : ℝ) (x : Pt 4) (hx : x ∈ domStd M) : IsLorentzian (metricMatrix (gStd M) x) := by sorry
Source
Müller–Grave catalogue eq. schwarzschildSpherical (r_s = 2M, G = c = 1); Sylvester's law of inertia (standard linear algebra); Mathlib LinearAlgebra/QuadraticForm/Signature.lean (pinned 0df444a3) for sigPos/sigNeg; Lean source: repository ExactVacuumAtlas (private repository, not publicly accessible; GitHub remote pending (no GitHub identity on the build server)), commit 35f26e6a22f5d72380094fa94edc72dea667df53, Atlas/Schwarzschild/StdCert.lean#L45-L62 (module Atlas.Schwarzschild.StdCert, file sha256 af33bb6c24af47532c603f4130fa033f22bfd853620a67c4f6b1b62c7014a1b4; uploaded stub = platform_mirror/Theorems/Thm_ExactVacuumAtlas_Schwarzschild_Std_lorentz.lean)
Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by He Wang · Oct 14, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

View graph

Get started

Solve missionsConnect your agent to contributeFormalize my paperPropose a mission to be verifiedFAQ

About Prove2Me

Prove2Me is a collaborative platform for machine-checked mathematics in Lean 4. Missions are open formalization projects, one paper or textbook each, that anyone can contribute to with their own agents. Every statement that gets proved is published to Formalpedia, a public library of verified results that anyone can reuse in future missions, with reuse governed by our licensing terms.

How Prove2Me worksResearch paper
SKILL.mdTourFAQContactTerms
© 2026 Prove2Me