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Chart gluing: a set closed in all four charts and containing the affine curve Pα=0P_\alpha=0Pα​=0 contains VαV_\alphaVα​

Proved
CurveSymmetry.family_projective_chart_gluing

by carlok · Oct 7, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

algebraic-geometrycurve-symmetry-leanzariski-topology

Let m≥1m\ge1m≥1 be an integer and let α∈C\alpha\in\mathbb Cα∈C be arbitrary. Let Pα(X,Y)=Xm(α+XY)+Ym(αˉ+XY)P_\alpha(X,Y)=X^m(\alpha+XY)+Y^m(\bar\alpha+XY)Pα​(X,Y)=Xm(α+XY)+Ym(αˉ+XY) be the polynomial of equation (6), and let Vα⊆P1×P1V_\alpha\subseteq\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1Vα​⊆P1×P1 be the zero locus of its bihomogenization of bidegree (m+1,m+1)(m+1,m+1)(m+1,m+1) in homogeneous coordinates ([x0:x1],[y0:y1])([x_0:x_1],[y_0:y_1])([x0​:x1​],[y0​:y1​]),

Fα(x,y)=αx0mx1y1m+1+x0m+1y0y1m+αˉx1m+1y0my1+x0x1my0m+1,F_\alpha(x,y)=\alpha x_0^mx_1y_1^{m+1}+x_0^{m+1}y_0y_1^m+\bar\alpha x_1^{m+1}y_0^my_1+x_0x_1^my_0^{m+1},Fα​(x,y)=αx0m​x1​y1m+1​+x0m+1​y0​y1m​+αˉx1m+1​y0m​y1​+x0​x1m​y0m+1​,

so that Fα((X,1),(Y,1))=Pα(X,Y)F_\alpha((X,1),(Y,1))=P_\alpha(X,Y)Fα​((X,1),(Y,1))=Pα​(X,Y). Consider the four standard charts ϕi ⁣:C2→P1×P1\phi_i\colon\mathbb C^2\to\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1ϕi​:C2→P1×P1, ϕ0(X,Y)=([X:1],[Y:1])\phi_0(X,Y)=([X:1],[Y:1])ϕ0​(X,Y)=([X:1],[Y:1]), ϕ1(u,Y)=([1:u],[Y:1])\phi_1(u,Y)=([1:u],[Y:1])ϕ1​(u,Y)=([1:u],[Y:1]), ϕ2(v,X)=([X:1],[1:v])\phi_2(v,X)=([X:1],[1:v])ϕ2​(v,X)=([X:1],[1:v]) and ϕ3(u,v)=([1:u],[1:v])\phi_3(u,v)=([1:u],[1:v])ϕ3​(u,v)=([1:u],[1:v]), and give C2\mathbb C^2C2 its Zariski topology, whose closed sets are the common zero sets of families of polynomials in two variables. Let S⊆P1×P1S\subseteq\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1S⊆P1×P1 be a set such that ϕi−1(S)\phi_i^{-1}(S)ϕi−1​(S) is Zariski closed in C2\mathbb C^2C2 for each i=0,1,2,3i=0,1,2,3i=0,1,2,3.

Then, if SSS contains the affine curve in the chart ϕ0\phi_0ϕ0​, it contains all of VαV_\alphaVα​:

ϕ0({(X,Y)∈C2:Pα(X,Y)=0})⊆S ⟹ Vα⊆S.\phi_0\bigl(\{(X,Y)\in\mathbb C^2: P_\alpha(X,Y)=0\}\bigr)\subseteq S\ \Longrightarrow\ V_\alpha\subseteq S.ϕ0​({(X,Y)∈C2:Pα​(X,Y)=0})⊆S ⟹ Vα​⊆S.

This is the gluing step in identifying VαV_\alphaVα​ with the closure of the affine curve (6) in P1×P1\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1P1×P1, the curve whose singular points and genus Lemma 4 describes: a set that is closed in every chart and contains the affine curve already contains all of VαV_\alphaVα​, boundary points included.

Formalization Note: no topology on P1×P1\mathbb P^1\times\mathbb P^1P1×P1 is used; closedness of SSS is required chart by chart, for the Zariski topology on C2\mathbb C^2C2 induced from the prime spectrum through evaluation ideals (a local instance). VαV_\alphaVα​ is defined by evaluating FαF_\alphaFα​ at chosen representatives of the two points, which does not depend on the choice by bihomogeneity.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CurveSymmetry_01_RealLoci
import Definitions.Def_CurveSymmetry_02_FamilyBasics
import Definitions.Def_CurveSymmetry_03_IsometriesAndCharts
import Definitions.Def_CurveSymmetry_04_ProjectiveClosure
import Mathlib.Algebra.MvPolynomial.Nilpotent
import Mathlib.Algebra.MvPolynomial.NoZeroDivisors
import Mathlib.Algebra.MvPolynomial.PDeriv
import Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.FieldDivision
import Mathlib.Algebra.Polynomial.Reverse
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.Isometry
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.OperatorNorm
import Mathlib.Analysis.Complex.Polynomial.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.Normed.Affine.MazurUlam
import Mathlib.Data.Complex.Basic
import Mathlib.FieldTheory.Separable
import Mathlib.RingTheory.MvPolynomial.Homogeneous
import Mathlib.RingTheory.MvPolynomial.IrreducibleQuadratic
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Nullstellensatz
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Eisenstein.Criterion
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.GaussLemma
import Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.Complex
import Mathlib.RingTheory.RootsOfUnity.PrimitiveRoots
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Spectrum.Prime.Jacobson
import Mathlib.RingTheory.Spectrum.Prime.Topology
import Mathlib.Tactic
import Mathlib.Topology.Compactification.OnePoint.ProjectiveLine

open CurveSymmetry
set_option autoImplicit false
open MvPolynomial
attribute [local instance] CurveSymmetry.instTopologicalSpaceForallFinOfNatNatComplex_projectiveClosureGluing
Formal statement
theorem CurveSymmetry.family_projective_chart_gluing {m : ℕ} (hm : 0 < m) (α : ℂ)
    (S : Set (ProjectiveLine × ProjectiveLine)) (hs : ClosedInProjectiveCharts S)
    (hA : affineProjectiveChart '' {v : Fin 2 → ℂ | eval v (familyPolynomial m α) = 0} ⊆ S) :
    familyProjectiveCurve m α ⊆ S := by sorry
Source
C. Perassi, Sharp symmetry bounds for real algebraic curves (note): lemma of the formalization, used for Lemma 4 (p. 3), https://github.com/carlok/curve-symmetry-lean/blob/d99bc17a1c397956c05d7417de50f9beed56580f/sharp_symmetry_bounds.pdf. Lean: https://github.com/carlok/curve-symmetry-lean/blob/d99bc17a1c397956c05d7417de50f9beed56580f/lean/ProjectiveClosureGluing.lean (C. Perassi)

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