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The complex-conjugated loop −C S∞TC-C\,S_\infty^{\mathsf T}C−CS∞T​C is a nondegenerate symmetric loop when S∞S_\inftyS∞​ is

Proved
CauchyRiemannIndex.conj_loop_isSymLoop_isNondegenerate

by Mazecto · Oct 16, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

cauchy-riemannconley-zehnder-indexsymplectic-geometry

Let S∞:R→R2n×2nS_\infty:\mathbb R\to\mathbb R^{2n\times2n}S∞​:R→R2n×2n be a continuous 111-periodic loop of symmetric matrices whose asymptotic operator A=−J0∂t−S∞(t)A=-J_0\partial_t-S_\infty(t)A=−J0​∂t​−S∞​(t) is nondegenerate. Let C=(Id00−Id)C=\begin{pmatrix}\mathrm{Id}&0\\0&-\mathrm{Id}\end{pmatrix}C=(Id0​0−Id​) be complex conjugation on Cn=R2n\mathbb C^n=\mathbb R^{2n}Cn=R2n, and set

Sˉ∞(t)=−C S∞(t)T C.\bar S_\infty(t)=-C\,S_\infty(t)^{\mathsf T}\,C .Sˉ∞​(t)=−CS∞​(t)TC.

Then Sˉ∞\bar S_\inftySˉ∞​ is again a continuous 111-periodic loop of symmetric matrices, and its asymptotic operator −J0∂t−Sˉ∞(t)-J_0\partial_t-\bar S_\infty(t)−J0​∂t​−Sˉ∞​(t) is nondegenerate.

The loop Sˉ∞\bar S_\inftySˉ∞​ is the asymptotic data of the conjugated formal adjoint −C DS∗ C=DSˉ-C\,D_S^*\,C=D_{\bar S}−CDS∗​C=DSˉ​ of a Cauchy–Riemann operator DS=∂s+J0∂t+SD_S=\partial_s+J_0\partial_t+SDS​=∂s​+J0​∂t​+S (Wendl, Lecture 4). The statement lets results proved under nondegeneracy hypotheses be applied to that adjoint operator.

Formalization Note. The loop hypothesis is IsSymLoop (continuous, 111-periodic, symmetric values). Nondegeneracy is IsNondegenerate: det⁡(1−Ψ(1))≠0\det(1-\Psi(1))\ne0det(1−Ψ(1))=0 for every fundamental solution Ψ′=J0S∞Ψ\Psi'=J_0S_\infty\PsiΨ′=J0​S∞​Ψ, Ψ(0)=1\Psi(0)=1Ψ(0)=1. CCC is conjMat n, and J0J_0J0​ is Matrix.J.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_CauchyRiemannIndex_Setting
Formal statement
namespace CauchyRiemannIndex

open Matrix

/-- If `S∞` is a loop of symmetric matrices whose asymptotic operator `-J₀ ∂ₜ - S∞` is
nondegenerate, then so is the conjugated loop `t ↦ -C S∞(t)ᵀ C`, where `C` is complex
conjugation on `ℂⁿ = ℝ²ⁿ`. -/
theorem conj_loop_isSymLoop_isNondegenerate (n : ℕ) (Sinf : ℝ → Mat n) (hS : IsSymLoop Sinf)
    (hnd : IsNondegenerate Sinf) :
    IsSymLoop (fun t => -(conjMat n * (Sinf t)ᵀ * conjMat n)) ∧
      IsNondegenerate (fun t => -(conjMat n * (Sinf t)ᵀ * conjMat n)) := by
  sorry

end CauchyRiemannIndex
Source
C. Wendl, Lectures on Symplectic Field Theory, arXiv:1612.01009, https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.01009, Lecture 4, Lemma 4.17, Proposition 4.18 and Theorem 4.20, pp. 76-79

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