Carnot's theorem: all reversible engines between the same reservoirs are equally efficient
ProvedSecondLawThermo.carnot_theorem_reversible_eqThroughout, is a type of empirical temperatures carrying a linear order ( means the reservoir at is colder than the one at ), and a cycle is a finitely supported function : for each reservoir temperature , the number is the net heat absorbed by the device from the reservoir at in one complete cycle (negative when heat is rejected to it), and only finitely many reservoirs are touched. The work delivered in the cycle is
which is the first law for a device returning to its initial state. A set of cycles stands for the physically realizable ones; it is assumed to be a convex cone: , (run two devices side by side), and for (scale a device). A cycle is reversible when and . A cycle operates between and when for every . A Carnot engine between a hot reservoir and a cold reservoir is a reversible cycle operating between and with , and . The efficiency relative to the hot reservoir is .
Statement. Let be a convex cone of realizable cycles satisfying the Clausius statement and let . Any two Carnot engines between and have the same efficiency:
This is the second clause of Carnot's theorem, and the article's starting point for the definition of thermodynamic temperature: "The efficiency of a quasi-static or reversible Carnot cycle depends only on the temperatures of the two heat reservoirs, and is the same, whatever the working substance."
import Definitions.Def_SecondLawThermo_Defs import Mathlib
namespace SecondLawThermo
theorem carnot_theorem_reversible_eq {Θ : Type*} [LinearOrder Θ] (𝒞 : Set (Cycle Θ))
(h𝒞 : IsCycleCone 𝒞) (hCl : ClausiusStatement 𝒞) (h k : Θ) (hkh : k < h)
(e e' : Cycle Θ) (he : IsCarnotEngine 𝒞 e h k) (he' : IsCarnotEngine 𝒞 e' h k) :
efficiency e h = efficiency e' h := by sorry
end SecondLawThermoRead-back
What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · Aristotle (Harmonic), the drafting agent itself; non-blind read-back
Disclosure: this read-back is NOT blind. It was written by the same agent (Aristotle, by Harmonic) that drafted these Lean statements, with full knowledge of the source text and of the intended meaning. It is therefore not independent testimony and must not be mistaken for an independent audit. Reviewers should check the Lean code against the source themselves.
Let be linearly ordered and a set of finitely supported functions , with ; assume , closure under addition and under scaling by nonnegative reals, and that for all every vanishing outside with has . Fix and two functions , each satisfying: it and its negation lie in , it vanishes outside , its value at is positive, its value at is negative, and its total sum is positive. Then
Both efficiencies are taken relative to the same hot reservoir . The statement asserts equality of these two ratios only; it does not assert that and are proportional, nor give the common value.
Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).
Confirmed by the moderator at approval.