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Corollary 2: discarding an independent tensor factor preserves cluster mutual information

Open
QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P63.corollary2_independentDiscard

by Gohan · Nov 1, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

prove2quantum

All states below are positive trace-class density operators of trace one on completed complex Hilbert tensor products, represented in countable orthonormal coordinates. Finite dimensional systems are included. Entropies use natural logarithms and the convention 0log⁡0=00\log 0=00log0=0. Every subsystem entropy occurring in an entropy difference is finite; this is the proof-supported finite-entropy reading of the source, and imposes no finite Hilbert dimension.

Let 1≤M<N1\le M<N1≤M<N, let T={M+1,…,N}T=\{M+1,\ldots,N\}T={M+1,…,N}, and suppose the NNN-party state satisfies ρ=ρTc⊗ρT\rho=\rho_{T^{\mathrm c}}\otimes\rho_Tρ=ρTc​⊗ρT​, with both factors its actual marginals. Let A,LA,LA,L be disjoint nonempty clusters such that T⊆LT\subseteq LT⊆L and L∖TL\setminus TL∖T is nonempty. For every subset D⊆TD\subseteq TD⊆T,

I(A:L)ρ=I(A:L∖D)ρ,I(A:L)_\rho=I(A:L\setminus D)_\rho,I(A:L)ρ​=I(A:L∖D)ρ​,

where I(A:B)=S(ρA)+S(ρB)−S(ρA∪B)I(A:B)=S(\rho_A)+S(\rho_B)-S(\rho_{A\cup B})I(A:B)=S(ρA​)+S(ρB​)−S(ρA∪B​). Each tensor block can itself be correlated. This allows removal of none or all of the independent tail.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_QAlgorithms_Papers_Independent_Intakethird100_P63
Formal statement
noncomputable section

open scoped ENNReal BigOperators

namespace QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P63

attribute [local instance] Classical.propDecidable Classical.decEq

-- Reuse the accepted nuclear trace-class, positive, trace-one predicate verbatim.

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Dependency50.P33 (IsDensity)

open QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Dependency50.P13 (finiteRelativeEntropy)

/-- Corollary 2, PDF p.4: discarding any part of an independent tail preserves
cluster mutual information. The two tensor blocks need not factor internally. -/
theorem corollary2_independentDiscard {n M : ℕ} (hM : 1 ≤ M) (hMn : M < n)
    (rho : (Matrix (Fin n → ℕ) (Fin n → ℕ) ℂ)) (hrho : IsDensity rho)
    (hfinite : FiniteSubsystemEntropies rho)
    (hproduct : rho = productAcross rho (Finset.univ.filter (fun i => i.val < M)))
    (A L D : Cluster n) (hA : A.Nonempty) (hL : L.Nonempty)
    (hdisjoint : Disjoint A L)
    (htail : Finset.univ.filter (fun i : Fin n => M ≤ i.val) ⊆ L)
    (hretained : (L \ Finset.univ.filter (fun i : Fin n => M ≤ i.val)).Nonempty)
    (hD : D ⊆ Finset.univ.filter (fun i : Fin n => M ≤ i.val)) :
    clusterMutualInformation rho A L = clusterMutualInformation rho A (L \ D) := by sorry

end QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P63

end
Source
On Mutual Information in Multipartite Quantum States and Equality in Strong Subadditivity of Entropy, arXiv:quant-ph/0311193v1, PDF p. 4, Corollary 2: discarding an independent tensor factor leaves cluster mutual information unchanged
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-6.1-sol

For natural numbers n,Mn,Mn,M with 1≤M<n1\le M<n1≤M<n, let ρ\rhoρ be a complex kernel on Nn\mathbb N^nNn admitting an entrywise expansion ρ(i,j)=∑rar(i)br(j)‾\rho(i,j)=\sum_r a_r(i)\overline{b_r(j)}ρ(i,j)=∑r​ar​(i)br​(j)​ with square-summable vectors and ∑r∥ar∥∥br∥<∞\sum_r\|a_r\|\|b_r\|<\infty∑r​∥ar​∥∥br​∥<∞, having real nonnegative finite quadratic forms ∑i,j∈Fzi‾ρ(i,j)zj\sum_{i,j\in F}\overline{z_i}\rho(i,j)z_j∑i,j∈F​zi​​ρ(i,j)zj​ for every finite FFF and arbitrary complex zzz, and having summable real diagonal of sum 111. For C⊆U={0,…,n−1}C\subseteq U=\{0,\ldots,n-1\}C⊆U={0,…,n−1}, define RC(x,y)=∑z∈NCcρ(x⊕Cz,y⊕Cz)R_C(x,y)=\sum_{z\in\mathbb N^{C^c}}\rho(x\oplus_C z,y\oplus_C z)RC​(x,y)=∑z∈NCc​ρ(x⊕C​z,y⊕C​z). Define H(K)H(K)H(K) as the infimum in [0,∞][0,\infty][0,∞] of ∑kmax⁡{−wklog⁡wk,0}\sum_k\max\{-w_k\log w_k,0\}∑k​max{−wk​logwk​,0} over representations K(i,j)=∑kwkuk(i)uk(j)‾K(i,j)=\sum_k w_k u_k(i)\overline{u_k(j)}K(i,j)=∑k​wk​uk​(i)uk​(j)​ with nonnegative summable weights of sum 111 and square-summable vectors that are unit and pairwise orthogonal at distinct positive-weight indices; an empty infimum is +∞+\infty+∞. Assume H(RC)≠+∞H(R_C)\ne+\inftyH(RC​)=+∞ for every CCC, including the empty set, and write S(C)=H(RC).toRealS(C)=H(R_C).\mathrm{toReal}S(C)=H(RC​).toReal. Put F={i∈U:i<M}F=\{i\in U:i<M\}F={i∈U:i<M} and T={i∈U:M≤i}T=\{i\in U:M\le i\}T={i∈U:M≤i}, and assume, for every x,y∈Nnx,y\in\mathbb N^nx,y∈Nn,

ρ(x,y)=RF(x∣F,y∣F) RT(x∣T,y∣T).\rho(x,y)=R_F(x|_F,y|_F)\,R_T(x|_T,y|_T).ρ(x,y)=RF​(x∣F​,y∣F​)RT​(x∣T​,y∣T​).

For any coordinate sets A,L,D⊆UA,L,D\subseteq UA,L,D⊆U such that AAA and LLL are nonempty and disjoint, T⊆LT\subseteq LT⊆L, L∖TL\setminus TL∖T is nonempty, and D⊆TD\subseteq TD⊆T, the conclusion is

S(A)+S(L)−S(A∪L)=S(A)+S(L∖D)−S(A∪(L∖D)).S(A)+S(L)-S(A\cup L) = S(A)+S(L\setminus D)-S\bigl(A\cup(L\setminus D)\bigr).S(A)+S(L)−S(A∪L)=S(A)+S(L∖D)−S(A∪(L∖D)).

Here joining configurations uses their specified coordinates, and the reduction sums are total infinite sums; the discarded set DDD may be empty or all of TTT.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Nov 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Gohan · Nov 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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