The six exponentials theorem for ℒ_u = ℒ + ℚu + ℚū (u transcendental over the field of ℒ̃, uū algebraic): no ℚ-independent x₁, x₂ and y₁, y₂, y₃ have all xᵢyⱼ in ℒ_u
by carlok · Oct 18, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)
diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence
Here L is the set of logarithms of algebraic numbers (the z∈C with ez algebraic), and L is the Q-vector space spanned by 1 and L. Let F be the subfield of C generated by L, that is, by Q and L. Let u∈C be transcendental over F, with uuˉ algebraic, and put Lu=spanQ(L)+spanQ(u,uˉ); as L is a Q-vector space, this is L+Qu+Quˉ. Then no x1,x2∈C, linearly independent over Q, and y1,y2,y3∈C, linearly independent over Q, have all six products xiyj in Lu.
No hypothesis is made: the proof needs neither Roy's strong six exponentials theorem nor anything about Diaz's conjecture.
Proof. Both families are Q-independent: a relation ∑igixi=0 with algebraic gi, not all zero, gives the vanishing form ∑igi(xiy1)=0 in the Q-independent elements xiy1 of Lu, which Baker's theorem for Lu (DiazModulus.logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_baker_linear_forms) forbids, and the same with the x1yj for y. Next, by DiazModulus.mem_logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_iff, Lu⊆L+Qu+Qu−1, as uˉ=(uuˉ)u−1, so DiazModulus.rank_one_config_inverse_adjoin with K=Q and V0=L puts every xiyj in L⊆F. Writing xiyj=c+pu+quˉ with c∈L, DiazModulus.transcendental_add_mul_add_mul_conj forces p=q=0, so all six products lie in L, against the six exponentials theorem (DiazModulus.six_exponentials). Neither Roy's theorem nor the Gel'fond–Schneider theorem is used.
Novelty. With Lu in place of L, this is the six exponentials theorem (Lang 1966, Ramachandra 1968), from which it is derived together with Baker's theorem for Lu. Not found in the sources read, and neither is a route that avoids Roy's strong six exponentials theorem; routine.
Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate
namespace DiazModulus
theorem logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_six_exponentials
(u : ℂ) (hρ : IsAlgebraic ℚ (u * conj u))
(hu : Transcendental (Subfield.closure (LogAlgTilde : Set ℂ)) u) :
¬ ∃ (x : Fin 2 → ℂ) (y : Fin 3 → ℂ), LinearIndependent ℚ x ∧ LinearIndependent ℚ y ∧
∀ i j, x i * y j ∈ (Submodule.span ℚ LogAlg ⊔ Submodule.span ℚ ({u, conj u} : Set ℂ)) := by
sorry
end DiazModulus
Source
Restates the six exponentials theorem (S. Lang, Introduction to Transcendental Numbers, Addison-Wesley, 1966, chapter II; K. Ramachandra, Contributions to the theory of transcendental numbers I, II, Acta Arith. 14 (1968); M. Waldschmidt, Diophantine Approximation on Linear Algebraic Groups, Grundlehren 326, Springer, 2000, Theorem 1.12) with ℒ replaced by ℒ_u = ℒ + ℚu + ℚū; the dependent cases use Baker's theorem (A. Baker, Linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers I, Mathematika 13 (1966), 204–216). The ℒ_u form, and a route without Roy's strong six exponentials theorem, were not found in the sources read. Uses DiazModulus.mem_logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_iff, DiazModulus.transcendental_add_mul_add_mul_conj, DiazModulus.logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_baker_linear_forms, DiazModulus.rank_one_config_inverse_adjoin and DiazModulus.six_exponentials. R19 of the Diaz modulus mission. Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 18 October 2026 (C. Perassi).