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The six exponentials theorem for ℒ_u = ℒ + ℚu + ℚū (u transcendental over the field of ℒ̃, uū algebraic): no ℚ-independent x₁, x₂ and y₁, y₂, y₃ have all xᵢyⱼ in ℒ_u

Proved
DiazModulus.logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_six_exponentials

by carlok · Oct 18, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theorytranscendence

Here L\mathcal{L}L is the set of logarithms of algebraic numbers (the z∈Cz \in \mathbb{C}z∈C with eze^zez algebraic), and L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L is the Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​-vector space spanned by 111 and L\mathcal{L}L. Let FFF be the subfield of C\mathbb{C}C generated by L~\widetilde{\mathcal{L}}L, that is, by Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​ and L\mathcal{L}L. Let u∈Cu \in \mathbb{C}u∈C be transcendental over FFF, with uuˉu\bar uuuˉ algebraic, and put Lu=spanQ(L)+spanQ(u,uˉ)\mathcal{L}_u = \mathrm{span}_{\mathbb{Q}}(\mathcal{L}) + \mathrm{span}_{\mathbb{Q}}(u, \bar u)Lu​=spanQ​(L)+spanQ​(u,uˉ); as L\mathcal{L}L is a Q\mathbb{Q}Q-vector space, this is L+Qu+Quˉ\mathcal{L} + \mathbb{Q}u + \mathbb{Q}\bar uL+Qu+Quˉ. Then no x1,x2∈Cx_1, x_2 \in \mathbb{C}x1​,x2​∈C, linearly independent over Q\mathbb{Q}Q, and y1,y2,y3∈Cy_1, y_2, y_3 \in \mathbb{C}y1​,y2​,y3​∈C, linearly independent over Q\mathbb{Q}Q, have all six products xiyjx_iy_jxi​yj​ in Lu\mathcal{L}_uLu​.

No hypothesis is made: the proof needs neither Roy's strong six exponentials theorem nor anything about Diaz's conjecture.

Proof. Both families are Q‾\overline{\mathbb{Q}}Q​-independent: a relation ∑igixi=0\sum_ig_ix_i = 0∑i​gi​xi​=0 with algebraic gig_igi​, not all zero, gives the vanishing form ∑igi(xiy1)=0\sum_ig_i(x_iy_1) = 0∑i​gi​(xi​y1​)=0 in the Q\mathbb{Q}Q-independent elements xiy1x_iy_1xi​y1​ of Lu\mathcal{L}_uLu​, which Baker's theorem for Lu\mathcal{L}_uLu​ (DiazModulus.logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_baker_linear_forms) forbids, and the same with the x1yjx_1y_jx1​yj​ for yyy. Next, by DiazModulus.mem_logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_iff, Lu⊆L~+Q‾u+Q‾u−1\mathcal{L}_u \subseteq \widetilde{\mathcal{L}} + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}u + \overline{\mathbb{Q}}u^{-1}Lu​⊆L+Q​u+Q​u−1, as uˉ=(uuˉ)u−1\bar u = (u\bar u)u^{-1}uˉ=(uuˉ)u−1, so DiazModulus.rank_one_config_inverse_adjoin with K=Q‾K = \overline{\mathbb{Q}}K=Q​ and V0=L~V_0 = \widetilde{\mathcal{L}}V0​=L puts every xiyjx_iy_jxi​yj​ in L~⊆F\widetilde{\mathcal{L}} \subseteq FL⊆F. Writing xiyj=c+pu+quˉx_iy_j = c + pu + q\bar uxi​yj​=c+pu+quˉ with c∈Lc \in \mathcal{L}c∈L, DiazModulus.transcendental_add_mul_add_mul_conj forces p=q=0p = q = 0p=q=0, so all six products lie in L\mathcal{L}L, against the six exponentials theorem (DiazModulus.six_exponentials). Neither Roy's theorem nor the Gel'fond–Schneider theorem is used.

Novelty. With Lu\mathcal{L}_uLu​ in place of L\mathcal{L}L, this is the six exponentials theorem (Lang 1966, Ramachandra 1968), from which it is derived together with Baker's theorem for Lu\mathcal{L}_uLu​. Not found in the sources read, and neither is a route that avoids Roy's strong six exponentials theorem; routine.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_DiazModulus
Formal statement
open Complex ComplexConjugate

namespace DiazModulus

theorem logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_six_exponentials
    (u : ℂ) (hρ : IsAlgebraic ℚ (u * conj u))
    (hu : Transcendental (Subfield.closure (LogAlgTilde : Set ℂ)) u) :
    ¬ ∃ (x : Fin 2 → ℂ) (y : Fin 3 → ℂ), LinearIndependent ℚ x ∧ LinearIndependent ℚ y ∧
      ∀ i j, x i * y j ∈ (Submodule.span ℚ LogAlg ⊔ Submodule.span ℚ ({u, conj u} : Set ℂ)) := by
  sorry

end DiazModulus
Source
Restates the six exponentials theorem (S. Lang, Introduction to Transcendental Numbers, Addison-Wesley, 1966, chapter II; K. Ramachandra, Contributions to the theory of transcendental numbers I, II, Acta Arith. 14 (1968); M. Waldschmidt, Diophantine Approximation on Linear Algebraic Groups, Grundlehren 326, Springer, 2000, Theorem 1.12) with ℒ replaced by ℒ_u = ℒ + ℚu + ℚū; the dependent cases use Baker's theorem (A. Baker, Linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers I, Mathematika 13 (1966), 204–216). The ℒ_u form, and a route without Roy's strong six exponentials theorem, were not found in the sources read. Uses DiazModulus.mem_logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_iff, DiazModulus.transcendental_add_mul_add_mul_conj, DiazModulus.logAlg_adjoin_circle_point_baker_linear_forms, DiazModulus.rank_one_config_inverse_adjoin and DiazModulus.six_exponentials. R19 of the Diaz modulus mission. Formal proof: Diaz modulus mission, 18 October 2026 (C. Perassi).

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