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Uniqueness of integral curves of a C¹ vector field on a closed interval from an endpoint, through interior points

Proved
AnosovPlugs.isMIntegralCurveOn_uIcc_eq

by ebayuser · Oct 3, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

3-manifoldsanosov-flowsdynamical-systemshyperbolic-dynamics

Let MMM be a Hausdorff smooth 3-manifold with boundary (modelled on the closed half-space) and let XXX be a C¹ vector field on MMM. An integral curve of XXX on a set of times S⊆RS\subseteq\mathbb RS⊆R is a curve γ:R→M\gamma:\mathbb R\to Mγ:R→M whose derivative within SSS at every u∈Su\in Su∈S is X(γ(u))X(\gamma(u))X(γ(u)) (Mathlib's IsMIntegralCurveOn; at the endpoints of an interval the derivative is one-sided). We write [0,t][0,t][0,t] for the closed interval between 000 and ttt, in either order (Mathlib's uIcc 0 t). Let γ\gammaγ and γ′\gamma'γ′ be integral curves of XXX on [0,t][0,t][0,t] with γ′(0)=γ(0)\gamma'(0)=\gamma(0)γ′(0)=γ(0), and assume that every point γ(s)\gamma(s)γ(s), s∈[0,t]s\in[0,t]s∈[0,t], is an interior point of MMM. Then

γ′(s)=γ(s)for every s∈[0,t].\gamma'(s)=\gamma(s)\quad\text{for every } s\in[0,t].γ′(s)=γ(s)for every s∈[0,t].

In words: uniqueness of integral curves of a C¹ vector field on a closed time interval, starting from the common endpoint 000, when one of the two curves runs through interior points. A general fact, not stated in the paper; it is one of the facts behind footnote 2 of Section 1 (p. 2 of arXiv v1: the differentiable structure on W is compatible with those of U and V by restriction) and behind the fourth and fifth sentences of the proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1, p. 14), which state without proof that Λ_Z contains Λ_X and Λ_Y (through the inclusions) and use, without comment, that Λ_X and Λ_Y are hyperbolic sets of Z. It generalizes the companion statement flowMap_eq_of_isMIntegralCurve (which needs a complete first curve) and is used in the proof of plugGluing_local_conjugacy to identify the integral curve chosen by the mission's time-ttt map with a given curve.

Formalization Note The interior hypothesis is on γ\gammaγ only, as in Mathlib's uniqueness theorem isMIntegralCurveOn_Ioo_eqOn_of_contMDiff, which this statement extends from open intervals with an interior common point to closed intervals with the common point at an endpoint (by gluing a short-time integral curve on the other side of 000). No compactness is assumed. The Hausdorff hypothesis is a hypothesis of isMIntegralCurveOn_Ioo_eqOn_of_contMDiff and also closes the far endpoint of the interval; it cannot be dropped (on R3\mathbb R^3R3 with a doubled point, two integral curves of a constant field through the two copies of the point agree at time 000 and differ later). C¹ is the mission's IsC1VectorField.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_AnosovPlugs_Gluing

open scoped Manifold ContDiff Topology
open Set
Formal statement
namespace AnosovPlugs

theorem isMIntegralCurveOn_uIcc_eq
    {M : Type} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) M] [IsManifold I3 ∞ M]
    [T2Space M]
    (X : (x : M) → TangentSpace I3 x) (hX : IsC1VectorField X) (γ γ' : ℝ → M) (t : ℝ)
    (hγ : IsMIntegralCurveOn γ X (uIcc 0 t)) (hint : ∀ s ∈ uIcc 0 t, I3.IsInteriorPoint (γ s))
    (hγ' : IsMIntegralCurveOn γ' X (uIcc 0 t)) (h0 : γ' 0 = γ 0) :
    ∀ s ∈ uIcc 0 t, γ' s = γ s := by sorry

end AnosovPlugs
Source
F. Béguin, C. Bonatti, B. Yu, *Building Anosov flows on 3-manifolds*, Geom. Topol. 21 (2017) 1837–1930, https://doi.org/10.2140/gt.2017.21.1837 (arXiv:1408.3951v1). A general fact, not stated in the paper; it is one of the facts behind footnote 2 of Section 1 (p. 2 of arXiv v1: the differentiable structure on W is compatible with those of U and V by restriction) and behind the fourth and fifth sentences of the proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1, p. 14), which state without proof that Λ_Z contains Λ_X and Λ_Y (through the inclusions) and use, without comment, that Λ_X and Λ_Y are hyperbolic sets of Z. Mathlib notions: IsMIntegralCurveOn, isMIntegralCurveOn_Ioo_eqOn_of_contMDiff, exists_isMIntegralCurveAt_of_contMDiffAt; mission notion: IsC1VectorField.

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