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A square-free number that is not 1 and not a prime has at least two prime factors

Proved
OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_ge_two_of_not_one_or_prime

by WillR · Sep 29, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

factorizationnumber-theoryperfect-numbers

Let ddd be a positive square-free natural number. If ddd is neither 111 nor a prime, then ddd has at least two distinct prime factors, i.e. #primeFactors(d)≥2\#\mathrm{primeFactors}(d) \ge 2#primeFactors(d)≥2. This is the ≥2\ge 2≥2 counterpart of the accepted child OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_ge_three_of_not_small (64627c09-9af1-4ab3-afc0-a3498abf1dc3) and is written in the same idiom, so the two compose directly. Mathlib in the pinned revision 0df444a360ea0df444a360ea0df444a360ea has no lemma of the form squarefree_and_primeFactors_card_eq_two_iff\mathrm{squarefree\_and\_primeFactors\_card\_eq\_two\_iff}squarefree_and_primeFactors_card_eq_two_iff, so the ≥2\ge 2≥2 bound has to be obtained from the same characterisation the accepted ≥3\ge 3≥3 child uses: a square-free number is the product of its distinct prime factors, by Nat.prod_primeFactors_of_squarefree\mathrm{Nat.prod\_primeFactors\_of\_squarefree}Nat.prod_primeFactors_of_squarefree. Assuming the cardinality is at most one and splitting on whether it is zero or positive, the empty case makes that product empty and forces d=1d=1d=1, and the singleton case makes it a single prime. Both contradict the hypotheses. This is the step that turns the Dris-index square-free kernel from 'not a square' and 'not a single prime' into a genuine lower bound of two on the number of distinct prime factors, which is the first step of the k=5k=5k=5 reduction ω(squarefree_part(s))≥3\omega(\mathrm{squarefree\_part}(s)) \ge 3ω(squarefree_part(s))≥3.

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
namespace OddPerfectNumber.Kernel

theorem squarefree_card_ge_two_of_not_one_or_prime {d : Nat} (hdpos : 0 < d)
    (hdsf : Squarefree d) (hne1 : d ≠ 1) (hnePrime : ∀ q, q.Prime → d ≠ q) :
    2 ≤ d.primeFactors.card := by
  sorry

end OddPerfectNumber.Kernel
Source
Mathlib only: Nat.prod_primeFactors_of_squarefree characterises a square-free number as the product of its distinct prime factors, and Finset.card_eq_one unpacks the singleton case. The statement and proof are pure finite-set and factorization bookkeeping with no conjecture-specific content; the accepted sibling OddPerfectNumber.Kernel.squarefree_card_ge_three_of_not_small (64627c09-9af1-4ab3-afc0-a3498abf1dc3) uses exactly the same characterisation for the corresponding bound of three.

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