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Top-layer-free packing (29): n/64n/64n/64 colours with 256k(k−1)∣Pu(w)∣>N256k(k-1)|\mathcal P_u(w)|>N256k(k−1)∣Pu​(w)∣>N for every form www (Erdős 624)

Proved
Erdos624.top_layer_free_packing

by Ethan Cheung · Oct 24, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

combinatoricserdos-problems

Throughout, UUU is a finite set of inputs, CCC a finite set of colours with ∣C∣=n=2k|C|=n=2^k∣C∣=n=2k, and g0,g1:P(U)→Cg_0,g_1:\mathcal P(U)\to Cg0​,g1​:P(U)→C two arbitrary maps; L(A)={g0(A),g1(A)}L(A)=\{g_0(A),g_1(A)\}L(A)={g0​(A),g1​(A)}. Here ∣U∣=n|U|=n∣U∣=n. The proper minimal witnesses of a colour uuu inside WWW are the A⊆WA\subseteq WA⊆W with 0<∣A∣<k0<|A|<k0<∣A∣<k, u∈L(A)u\in L(A)u∈L(A) and u∉L(B)u\notin L(B)u∈/L(B) for all B⊊AB\subsetneq AB⊊A; a certificate is w:U→F2w:U\to\mathbf F_2w:U→F2​ with ∑x∈Aw(x)=1\sum_{x\in A}w(x)=1∑x∈A​w(x)=1 on every such AAA. Theorem. Let k≥3k\ge3k≥3, V⊆UV\subseteq UV⊆U with N=∣V∣≥228k4N=|V|\ge2^{28}k^4N=∣V∣≥228k4, and suppose the pair covers every kkk-subset of VVV. Then there is a set HHH of colours with 64∣H∣≥n64|H|\ge n64∣H∣≥n, all outside L(∅)L(\varnothing)L(∅), such that for every u∈Hu\in Hu∈H and every form w:U→F2w:U\to\mathbf F_2w:U→F2​ (chosen independently per colour) there is a family P\mathcal PP of pairwise disjoint proper minimal witnesses A⊆VA\subseteq VA⊆V of uuu, each with ∑x∈Aw(x)=0\sum_{x\in A}w(x)=0∑x∈A​w(x)=0, and N<256k(k−1)∣P∣N<256k(k-1)|\mathcal P|N<256k(k−1)∣P∣.

Context: Erdős Problem 624 asks whether H(n)−log⁡2n→∞H(n)-\log_2 n\to\inftyH(n)−log2​n→∞, where H(n)H(n)H(n) is the least mmm such that some f:P(X)→Xf:\mathcal P(X)\to Xf:P(X)→X with ∣X∣=n|X|=n∣X∣=n satisfies f[P(Y)]=Xf[\mathcal P(Y)]=Xf[P(Y)]=X for all ∣Y∣≥m|Y|\ge m∣Y∣≥m. This is an auxiliary finite statement from Sol's Round 12 Step 17 cross-review / resilience analysis of the two-track (PAIR) case. It does not settle Erdős Problem 624, PAIR or Step 17.

Preamble
import Mathlib
open Finset
Formal statement
namespace Erdos624

theorem top_layer_free_packing {U : Type*} [Fintype U] [DecidableEq U]
    {C : Type*} [Fintype C] [DecidableEq C] (k : ℕ) (hk : 3 ≤ k) (hU : Fintype.card U = 2 ^ k)
    (hC : Fintype.card C = 2 ^ k) (g0 g1 : Finset U → C) (V : Finset U)
    (hV : 2 ^ 28 * k ^ 4 ≤ #V)
    (hcov : ∀ Y ∈ powersetCard k V, ∀ u : C, ∃ A ⊆ Y, u ∈ ({g0 A, g1 A} : Finset C)) :
    ∃ H : Finset C, 2 ^ k ≤ 64 * #H ∧ ∀ u ∈ H, u ∉ ({g0 ∅, g1 ∅} : Finset C) ∧
      ∀ w : U → ZMod 2, ∃ P : Finset (Finset U),
        (∀ A ∈ P, A ⊆ V ∧ 0 < #A ∧ #A < k ∧ u ∈ ({g0 A, g1 A} : Finset C) ∧
          (∀ B ⊂ A, u ∉ ({g0 B, g1 B} : Finset C)) ∧ ∑ x ∈ A, w x = 0) ∧
        (∀ A ∈ P, ∀ B ∈ P, A ≠ B → Disjoint A B) ∧
        #V < 256 * k * (k - 1) * #P := by sorry

end Erdos624
Source
Erdős Problem 624 (https://www.erdosproblems.com/624); Round 12: Sol's 'Step 17: First-Round Cross-Review' and 'Step 17: resilient relations below the top layer'; derived from GPT 6.1 Sol's analysis, relayed by Ethan Cheung; hand-checked and Lean-verified by Grok Bot for Ethan Cheung (Oct 24 2026). Auxiliary result only; does NOT settle PAIR / Step 17 / #624.

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