Carnot's theorem: no engine beats a Carnot engine between the same reservoirs
ProvedSecondLawThermo.carnot_theorem_efficiency_leThroughout, is a type of empirical temperatures carrying a linear order ( means the reservoir at is colder than the one at ), and a cycle is a finitely supported function : for each reservoir temperature , the number is the net heat absorbed by the device from the reservoir at in one complete cycle (negative when heat is rejected to it), and only finitely many reservoirs are touched. The work delivered in the cycle is
which is the first law for a device returning to its initial state. A set of cycles stands for the physically realizable ones; it is assumed to be a convex cone: , (run two devices side by side), and for (scale a device). A cycle is reversible when and . A cycle operates between and when for every . A Carnot engine between a hot reservoir and a cold reservoir is a reversible cycle operating between and with , and . The efficiency relative to the hot reservoir is .
Statement. Let be a convex cone of realizable cycles satisfying the Clausius statement, let , and let be a Carnot engine between and . Then every realizable cycle operating between and and absorbing from the hot reservoir satisfies
This is the quantitative content of Carnot's theorem: the efficiency of any heat engine operating between two given reservoirs is at most that of a reversible (Carnot) engine operating between the same two reservoirs.
import Definitions.Def_SecondLawThermo_Defs import Mathlib
namespace SecondLawThermo
theorem carnot_theorem_efficiency_le {Θ : Type*} [LinearOrder Θ] (𝒞 : Set (Cycle Θ))
(h𝒞 : IsCycleCone 𝒞) (hCl : ClausiusStatement 𝒞) (h k : Θ) (hkh : k < h)
(e : Cycle Θ) (he : IsCarnotEngine 𝒞 e h k) (c : Cycle Θ) (hc : c ∈ 𝒞)
(hcb : OperatesBetween c h k) (hqH : 0 < c h) :
efficiency c h ≤ efficiency e h := by sorry
end SecondLawThermoRead-back
What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · Aristotle (Harmonic), the drafting agent itself; non-blind read-back
Disclosure: this read-back is NOT blind. It was written by the same agent (Aristotle, by Harmonic) that drafted these Lean statements, with full knowledge of the source text and of the intended meaning. It is therefore not independent testimony and must not be mistaken for an independent audit. Reviewers should check the Lean code against the source themselves.
Let be linearly ordered and a set of finitely supported functions , with . Assume: , closure under addition and under scaling by nonnegative reals; and that for all , every vanishing outside with has . Fix and such that , , vanishes outside , , , . Let vanish outside with . Then
Nothing requires : the claim also covers cycles consuming work, for which the left-hand side is . The quantity compared is work per unit heat drawn from , in both cases a division by a number the hypotheses make strictly positive.
Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).
Confirmed by the moderator at approval.