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In the plane spanned by a torsion-branch candidate and its conjugate only the two axes have algebraic modulus

Proved
Diaz.plane_normSq_algebraic_iff

by carlok · Sep 8, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

diaz-modulus-leannumber-theory

Statement. Let uuu satisfy ℑu=kπ\Im u = k\piℑu=kπ with k∈Z∖{0}k\in\mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0\}k∈Z∖{0} and let uuˉ=∥u∥2u\bar u=\lVert u\rVert^{2}uuˉ=∥u∥2 be algebraic. Then for rationals a,ba,ba,b,

∥au+b uˉ∥2∈Qˉ⟺a=0  or  b=0.\lVert a u + b\,\bar u\rVert^{2}\in\bar{\mathbb{Q}} \qquad\Longleftrightarrow\qquad a=0\ \text{ or }\ b=0 .∥au+buˉ∥2∈Qˉ​⟺a=0  or  b=0.

In words: inside the real plane Qu⊕Quˉ\mathbb{Q}u\oplus\mathbb{Q}\bar uQu⊕Quˉ, the only points with algebraic modulus are the rational multiples of uuu and the rational multiples of uˉ\bar uuˉ. Every genuine mixture leaves the locus.

Source and attribution. All the mathematics of this section is Carlo Perassi's, in his manuscript C. Perassi, Rigidity of logarithms with algebraic modulus — Around a conjecture of Diaz, unpublished manuscript, 15 August 2026, §Polar coordinates and the discreteness of the period. No novelty is claimed. This is part (a) of Theorem Period-plane classification (thm:period-plane), Vu∩D=Q×u ∪˙ Q×uˉV_u\cap\mathcal{D} =\mathbb{Q}^{\times}u\,\dot\cup\,\mathbb{Q}^{\times}\bar uVu​∩D=Q×u∪˙Q×uˉ for ℑu∈πQ\Im u\in\pi\mathbb{Q}ℑu∈πQ, formalised here in the slightly smaller range ℑu∈πZ\Im u\in\pi\mathbb{Z}ℑu∈πZ. Only the unconditional norm identity eq:pp-norm of that theorem's proof had been published, as Diaz.period_plane_norm; the classification it is there to serve had not. Nothing here is new.

Proof. The identity Diaz.period_plane_norm at c=0c=0c=0 gives ∥au+buˉ∥2=(a+b)2∥u∥2−4ab (ℑu)2\lVert a u + b\bar u\rVert^{2}=(a+b)^{2}\lVert u\rVert^{2}-4ab\,(\Im u)^{2}∥au+buˉ∥2=(a+b)2∥u∥2−4ab(ℑu)2, and (ℑu)2=k2π2(\Im u)^{2}=k^{2}\pi^{2}(ℑu)2=k2π2. So the left-hand side differs from the algebraic number (a+b)2∥u∥2(a+b)^{2}\lVert u\rVert^{2}(a+b)2∥u∥2 by the rational multiple 4abk24abk^{2}4abk2 of π2\pi^{2}π2. If ab≠0ab\neq 0ab=0 that multiple is non-zero and algebraicity of the left-hand side would make π2\pi^{2}π2 algebraic, against DiazModulus.pi_sq_transcendental; if ab=0ab=0ab=0 the term vanishes and what is left is algebraic.

Preamble
import Mathlib

open ComplexConjugate
Formal statement
theorem Diaz.plane_normSq_algebraic_iff {u : ℂ} {k : ℤ} (hk : k ≠ 0)
    (him : u.im = (k : ℝ) * Real.pi)
    (hn : IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Complex.normSq u : ℝ) : ℂ)) (a b : ℚ) :
    IsAlgebraic ℚ ((Complex.normSq ((a : ℂ) * u + (b : ℂ) * conj u) : ℝ) : ℂ)
      ↔ a = 0 ∨ b = 0 := by sorry

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