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Leopoldt's conjecture for totally real multiquadratic fields

Proved
Leopoldt.leopoldt_totallyReal_multiquadratic

by xuanji · Sep 27, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

number-theoryp-adicunits

Leopoldt's conjecture holds, at every prime ppp, for every totally real multiquadratic field. Precisely: let K\mathbb{K}K be a totally real number field, Galois over Q\mathbb{Q}Q, such that every element of G=Gal(K/Q)G = \mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb{K}/\mathbb{Q})G=Gal(K/Q) satisfies σ2=1\sigma^2 = 1σ2=1. Then

DL(K)  =  Z-rk(E)−Zp-rk(E‾)  =  0.\mathcal{D}_L(\mathbb{K}) \;=\; \mathbb{Z}\text{-rk}(E) - \mathbb{Z}_p\text{-rk}(\overline{E}) \;=\; 0 .DL​(K)=Z-rk(E)−Zp​-rk(E)=0.

Here E=OK×E = \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{K}}^\timesE=OK×​ and E‾\overline{E}E is the ppp-adic closure of the diagonal image of EEE in the semilocal units U=∏P∣pOP×U = \prod_{\mathfrak{P} \mid p} \mathcal{O}_{\mathfrak{P}}^\timesU=∏P∣p​OP×​.

The hypothesis says G≅(Z/2)kG \cong (\mathbb{Z}/2)^kG≅(Z/2)k, i.e. K=Q(a1,…,ak)\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{a_1}, \dots, \sqrt{a_k})K=Q(a1​​,…,ak​​) with all ai>0a_i > 0ai​>0, of degree 2k2^k2k and unit rank 2k−12^k - 12k−1. This generalises the real quadratic (k=1k = 1k=1) and real biquadratic (k=2k = 2k=2) cases. It is a special case of Brumer's theorem for abelian fields, but it admits an elementary proof: K\mathbb{K}K has exactly 2k−12^k - 12k−1 real quadratic subfields kχk_\chikχ​ (one for each nontrivial character χ:G→{±1}\chi : G \to \{\pm 1\}χ:G→{±1}), a suitable power ηχ\eta_\chiηχ​ of the fundamental unit of kχk_\chikχ​ satisfies σ(ηχ)=ηχχ(σ)\sigma(\eta_\chi) = \eta_\chi^{\chi(\sigma)}σ(ηχ​)=ηχχ(σ)​, and operators of the form u↦u σ(u)±1u \mapsto u\,\sigma(u)^{\pm 1}u↦uσ(u)±1 in Z[G]\mathbb{Z}[G]Z[G] separate these eigen-units ppp-adically.

Formalization note. "Multiquadratic" is spelled as IsGalois ℚ K together with ∀ σ : K ≃ₐ[ℚ] K, σ * σ = 1; "totally real" as IsTotallyReal K. The degree is arbitrary (including K=Q\mathbb{K} = \mathbb{Q}K=Q), and no hypothesis on ppp beyond primality is needed; in particular p=2p = 2p=2 is allowed.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_LeopoldtDefect

open NumberField
Formal statement
namespace Leopoldt
theorem leopoldt_totallyReal_multiquadratic (p : ℕ) [Fact p.Prime]
    (K : Type*) [Field K] [NumberField K] [IsTotallyReal K] [IsGalois ℚ K]
    (hG : ∀ σ : K ≃ₐ[ℚ] K, σ * σ = 1) :
    LeopoldtConjecture p K := by sorry
end Leopoldt
Source
A. Brumer, On the units of algebraic number fields, Mathematika 14 (1967), 121-124 (Leopoldt's conjecture for abelian extensions of Q). For the elementary argument in the multiquadratic case (eigen-decomposition of the unit group under the characters of Gal(K/Q) = (Z/2)^k, with the units of the 2^k - 1 real quadratic subfields spanning a subgroup of finite index), see L. C. Washington, Introduction to Cyclotomic Fields, 2nd ed., GTM 83, Section 5.5 (Leopoldt's conjecture, Theorem 5.29) and Section 8.1 (units of abelian fields: the character decomposition of the unit group); cf. H. Hasse, Über die Klassenzahl abelscher Zahlkörper (1952) for units of multiquadratic fields.

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