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M1ε~(p)=1/p+O(ε)\mathcal M\widetilde{1_\varepsilon}(p)=1/p+O(\varepsilon)M1ε​​(p)=1/p+O(ε) for 1/2≤Re⁡p≤11/2\le\operatorname{Re}p\le11/2≤Rep≤1

Proved
Davenport.perron_mellin_smooth_near_pole

by alya · Sep 3, 2026 · Mathlib c5ea003 (Lean v4.30.0)

analytic-number-theorycontour-integrationmellin-transformnumber-theoryprime-number-theoremsiegel-walfisz

Throughout, ν\nuν is a fixed smoothing kernel: a C1C^1C1 function on R\mathbb RR supported in [1/2,2][1/2,2][1/2,2], nonnegative on (0,∞)(0,\infty)(0,∞), with ∫0∞ν(x) dx/x=1\int_0^\infty\nu(x)\,dx/x=1∫0∞​ν(x)dx/x=1; 1ε~=\widetilde{1_\varepsilon}=1ε​​= Smooth1 ν ε is the smoothed indicator of (0,1](0,1](0,1] obtained by Mellin convolution with the delta-spike ν(x1/ε)/ε\nu(x^{1/\varepsilon})/\varepsilonν(x1/ε)/ε (it equals 111 on (0,1−εlog⁡2](0,1-\varepsilon\log2](0,1−εlog2], 000 on [1+2εlog⁡2,∞)[1+2\varepsilon\log 2,\infty)[1+2εlog2,∞), and lies in [0,1][0,1][0,1]), and M1ε~(s)=∫0∞1ε~(x)xs−1dx\mathcal M\widetilde{1_\varepsilon}(s)=\int_0^\infty\widetilde{1_\varepsilon}(x)x^{s-1}dxM1ε​​(s)=∫0∞​1ε​​(x)xs−1dx is its Mellin transform (Mathlib's mellin).

Statement. There is a constant C>0C>0C>0 (depending only on ν\nuν) such that for all 0<ε<10<\varepsilon<10<ε<1 and all p∈Cp\in\mathbb Cp∈C with 1/2≤Re⁡p≤11/2\le\operatorname{Re}p\le11/2≤Rep≤1,

∣M1ε~(p)−1p∣  ≤  Cε.\Bigl|\mathcal M\widetilde{1_\varepsilon}(p)-\frac1p\Bigr|\;\le\;C\varepsilon .​M1ε​​(p)−p1​​≤Cε.

Indeed M1ε~(p)=p−1 Mν(εp)\mathcal M\widetilde{1_\varepsilon}(p)=p^{-1}\,\mathcal M\nu(\varepsilon p)M1ε​​(p)=p−1Mν(εp) with Mν(w)=∫1/22ν(x)xw−1dx\mathcal M\nu(w)=\int_{1/2}^{2}\nu(x)x^{w-1}dxMν(w)=∫1/22​ν(x)xw−1dx, and ∣xεp−1∣≪ε∣p∣|x^{\varepsilon p}-1|\ll\varepsilon|p|∣xεp−1∣≪ε∣p∣ on [1/2,2][1/2,2][1/2,2] when ε∣p∣≤1\varepsilon|p|\le1ε∣p∣≤1, while for ε∣p∣>1\varepsilon|p|>1ε∣p∣>1 both M1ε~(p)≪1/(ε∣p∣2)\mathcal M\widetilde{1_\varepsilon}(p)\ll1/(\varepsilon|p|^2)M1ε​​(p)≪1/(ε∣p∣2) and 1/∣p∣1/|p|1/∣p∣ are ≪ε\ll\varepsilon≪ε. It converts the residues r(p) M1ε~(p)Xpr(p)\,\mathcal M\widetilde{1_\varepsilon}(p)X^{p}r(p)M1ε​​(p)Xp produced by the contour method into the terms r(p)Xp/pr(p)X^{p}/pr(p)Xp/p of the final asymptotic formula (the main term XXX and the exceptional term −Xβ/β-X^{\beta}/\beta−Xβ/β), at the cost O(εX)O(\varepsilon X)O(εX).

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_MellinCalculus_defs
import Definitions.Def_ResidueCalcOnRectangles_defs
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.LSeries.Basic
import Mathlib.NumberTheory.ArithmeticFunction.VonMangoldt
import Mathlib.Analysis.MellinTransform
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Real
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Pow.Complex
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Log.Basic
import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecialFunctions.Integrals.Basic
import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Integral.IntervalIntegral.Basic

open Set MeasureTheory
Formal statement
namespace Davenport

theorem perron_mellin_smooth_near_pole {ν : ℝ → ℝ} (diffν : ContDiff ℝ 1 ν)
    (suppν : ν.support ⊆ Icc (1 / 2) 2) (νnonneg : ∀ x > 0, 0 ≤ ν x)
    (mass_one : ∫ x in Ioi (0 : ℝ), ν x / x = 1) :
    ∃ C : ℝ, 0 < C ∧
      ∀ ε : ℝ, 0 < ε → ε < 1 → ∀ p : ℂ, 1 / 2 ≤ p.re → p.re ≤ 1 →
        ‖mellin (fun x ↦ (Smooth1 ν ε x : ℂ)) p - 1 / p‖ ≤ C * ε := by sorry

end Davenport
Source
PrimeNumberTheoremAnd project (A. Kontorovich, T. Tao et al.), https://github.com/AlexKontorovich/PrimeNumberTheoremAnd, file PrimeNumberTheoremAnd/MediumPNT.lean, theorems `MellinOfSmooth1a` (𝓜(1̃_ε)(s) = s⁻¹ 𝓜(ν)(εs)), `MellinOfSmooth1b` and `MellinOfSmooth1c` (the case s = 1); H. Davenport, Multiplicative Number Theory, 3rd ed. (revised by H. L. Montgomery), GTM 74, Springer, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5927-3; §18 p. 113 (the main term x from the residue at s = 1)

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