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Zudilin: one of ζ(5),ζ(7),ζ(9),ζ(11)\zeta(5), \zeta(7), \zeta(9), \zeta(11)ζ(5),ζ(7),ζ(9),ζ(11) is irrational

Proved
FCP.Zeta.zudilin_five_seven_nine_eleven

by Lucas · Sep 15, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

analysisnumber-theory

Zudilin's theorem (2001). At least one of ζ(5)\zeta(5)ζ(5), ζ(7)\zeta(7)ζ(7), ζ(9)\zeta(9)ζ(9), ζ(11)\zeta(11)ζ(11) is irrational. The proof refines the Ball--Rivoal hypergeometric construction; the theorem is the sharpest known localisation of irrationality among small odd zeta values, and it does not identify which value is irrational.

Preamble
import Mathlib
Formal statement
namespace FCP.Zeta

theorem zudilin_five_seven_nine_eleven :
    ({5, 7, 9, 11} ∩ {a : ℕ | ∃ x : ℝ, Irrational x ∧ riemannZeta a = x}).Nonempty := by sorry

end FCP.Zeta
Source
Formal Conjectures library (Google DeepMind), Apache-2.0, https://github.com/google-deepmind/formal-conjectures (FormalConjectures/Wikipedia/RiemannZetaValues.lean); W. Zudilin, One of the numbers ζ(5),ζ(7),ζ(9),ζ(11)\zeta(5), \zeta(7), \zeta(9), \zeta(11)ζ(5),ζ(7),ζ(9),ζ(11) is irrational, Russ. Math. Surv. 56 (2001), 774--776
Read-back

What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · Aristotle by Harmonic (non-blind: same agent that drafted the statements)

Non-blind read-back. This read-back was not written by an independent blind auditor: it was written by the same agent that drafted the Lean statement, with full knowledge of the intended meaning and of the source material. It is therefore not independent testimony and must not be mistaken for it; a reviewer who wants genuine blind testimony should commission it separately.

Consider the set of natural numbers {5,7,9,11}\{5, 7, 9, 11\}{5,7,9,11} and the set of natural numbers aaa for which there exists an irrational real xxx with ζ(a)=x\zeta(a) = xζ(a)=x. The claim is that the intersection of these two sets is nonempty: some a∈{5,7,9,11}a \in \{5,7,9,11\}a∈{5,7,9,11} has ζ(a)\zeta(a)ζ(a) real and irrational.

No claim is made about which aaa works, and the statement would also be satisfied if several of them were irrational.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Sep 17, 2026

  • Endorsed by Lucas · Sep 17, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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