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Attained maximum Hardy success probability

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QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P47.hardy_success_maximum

by Gohan · Nov 1, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

prove2quantum

Over all normalized noncommuting bases (3), the success probability of the constructed Hardy state is at most (55−11)/2(5\sqrt5-11)/2(55​−11)/2. Every allowed parameter choice with ∣αA∣=∣αB∣=(5−1)/2|\alpha_A|=|\alpha_B|=\sqrt{(\sqrt5-1)/2}∣αA​∣=∣αB​∣=(5​−1)/2​ attains that value, and such a parameter choice exists. This is an attained maximum over the two-qubit measurement parameters, without an arbitrary-dimension rigidity assertion.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_QAlgorithms_Papers_Independent_Intakethird100_P47
Formal statement
namespace QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P47

open scoped ComplexConjugate

open scoped BigOperators

/-- II A, PDF p.3, citing [21]: the success probability over all bases (3) has
maximum (5 sqrt(5)-11)/2, attained at the displayed alpha magnitudes. No converse
classification of all optimizers, or arbitrary-dimension self-test, is asserted. -/
theorem hardy_success_maximum :
    (∀ d : HardyParameters,
      hardyBehavior d (pureDensity (psiH d)) false false false false ≤
        (5 * Real.sqrt 5 - 11) / 2) ∧
    (∀ d : HardyParameters,
      (∀ P, ‖d.alpha P‖ = Real.sqrt ((Real.sqrt 5 - 1) / 2)) →
      hardyBehavior d (pureDensity (psiH d)) false false false false =
        (5 * Real.sqrt 5 - 11) / 2) ∧
    (∃ d : HardyParameters,
      (∀ P, ‖d.alpha P‖ = Real.sqrt ((Real.sqrt 5 - 1) / 2)) ∧
      hardyBehavior d (pureDensity (psiH d)) false false false false =
        (5 * Real.sqrt 5 - 11) / 2) := by sorry

end QAlgorithms.Papers.Independent.Intakethird100.P47
Source
Device-independent quantum key distribution based on measurement inputs, arXiv:1308.6447v3, PDF p. 3, II A: optimal Hardy success [21]
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What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · gpt-6.1-sol

Identify false and true with 000 and 111, and let e0,e1e_0,e_1e0​,e1​ be the standard basis of C2\mathbb C^2C2. A parameter choice ddd consists of complex numbers αP,βP\alpha_P,\beta_PαP​,βP​ for P∈{0,1}P\in\{0,1\}P∈{0,1} satisfying ∣αP∣2+∣βP∣2=1|\alpha_P|^2+|\beta_P|^2=1∣αP​∣2+∣βP​∣2=1 and 0<∣αP∣<10<|\alpha_P|<10<∣αP​∣<1 for each PPP. For each such choice, define uP=αPe0+βPe1u_P=\alpha_Pe_0+\beta_Pe_1uP​=αP​e0​+βP​e1​, vP=βP‾e0−αP‾e1v_P=\overline{\beta_P}e_0-\overline{\alpha_P}e_1vP​=βP​​e0​−αP​​e1​, and four vectors f0=v0⊗v1f_0=v_0\otimes v_1f0​=v0​⊗v1​, f1=e0⊗u1f_1=e_0\otimes u_1f1​=e0​⊗u1​, f2=u0⊗e0f_2=u_0\otimes e_0f2​=u0​⊗e0​, and f3=e0⊗e0f_3=e_0\otimes e_0f3​=e0​⊗e0​, where (r⊗s)a,b=rasb(r\otimes s)_{a,b}=r_as_b(r⊗s)a,b​=ra​sb​. Define g0=f0g_0=f_0g0​=f0​ and, successively for j=1,2,3j=1,2,3j=1,2,3, define

gj=(1−∑r=0j−1∣⟨gr,fj⟩∣2)−1(fj−∑r=0j−1⟨gr,fj⟩gr),ψd=g3,g_j= \left(\sqrt{1-\sum_{r=0}^{j-1}|\langle g_r,f_j\rangle|^2}\right)^{-1} \left(f_j-\sum_{r=0}^{j-1}\langle g_r,f_j\rangle g_r\right), \qquad \psi_d=g_3,gj​=​1−r=0∑j−1​∣⟨gr​,fj​⟩∣2​​−1(fj​−r=0∑j−1​⟨gr​,fj​⟩gr​),ψd​=g3​,

where ⟨x,y⟩=∑a,bxa,b‾ya,b\langle x,y\rangle=\sum_{a,b}\overline{x_{a,b}}y_{a,b}⟨x,y⟩=∑a,b​xa,b​​ya,b​; the real square root is 000 on nonpositive inputs, and the reciprocal of 000 is 000. The assertion is the conjunction of the following three claims: every parameter choice ddd satisfies ∣(ψd)0,0∣2≤(55−11)/2|(\psi_d)_{0,0}|^2\le(5\sqrt5-11)/2∣(ψd​)0,0​∣2≤(55​−11)/2; every parameter choice ddd for which ∣αP∣=(5−1)/2|\alpha_P|=\sqrt{(\sqrt5-1)/2}∣αP​∣=(5​−1)/2​ for both PPP satisfies ∣(ψd)0,0∣2=(55−11)/2|(\psi_d)_{0,0}|^2=(5\sqrt5-11)/2∣(ψd​)0,0​∣2=(55​−11)/2; and there exists a parameter choice ddd for which both ∣αP∣=(5−1)/2|\alpha_P|=\sqrt{(\sqrt5-1)/2}∣αP​∣=(5​−1)/2​ for every PPP and ∣(ψd)0,0∣2=(55−11)/2|(\psi_d)_{0,0}|^2=(5\sqrt5-11)/2∣(ψd​)0,0​∣2=(55​−11)/2.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Nov 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Gohan · Nov 1, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

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