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An integral curve of an i-related field that starts at the image of the starting point of an interior integral curve is the image of that curve

Proved
AnosovPlugs.integralCurveOn_eq_comp_of_embedding

by ebayuser · Oct 3, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

3-manifoldsanosov-flowsdynamical-systemshyperbolic-dynamics

Let MMM and NNN be Hausdorff smooth 3-manifolds with boundary (modelled on the closed half-space), let XXX be a C¹ vector field on MMM and ZZZ a vector field on NNN, and let i:M→Ni:M\to Ni:M→N be a C¹ map that is a topological embedding, has an injective derivative at every point, and carries XXX to ZZZ:

Dix(X(x))=Z(i(x))for every x∈M.Di_x(X(x)) = Z(i(x))\quad\text{for every } x\in M.Dix​(X(x))=Z(i(x))for every x∈M.

An integral curve of XXX on a set of times S⊆RS\subseteq\mathbb RS⊆R is a curve γ:R→M\gamma:\mathbb R\to Mγ:R→M whose derivative within SSS at every u∈Su\in Su∈S is X(γ(u))X(\gamma(u))X(γ(u)) (Mathlib's IsMIntegralCurveOn; at the endpoints of an interval the derivative is one-sided). We write [0,t][0,t][0,t] for the closed interval between 000 and ttt, in either order (Mathlib's uIcc 0 t). Let δ\deltaδ be an integral curve of XXX on [0,t][0,t][0,t] all of whose points δ(s)\delta(s)δ(s), s∈[0,t]s\in[0,t]s∈[0,t], are interior points of MMM, and let γ\gammaγ be an integral curve of ZZZ on [0,t][0,t][0,t] with γ(0)=i(δ(0))\gamma(0)=i(\delta(0))γ(0)=i(δ(0)). Then

γ(s)=i(δ(s))for every s∈[0,t].\gamma(s)=i(\delta(s))\quad\text{for every } s\in[0,t].γ(s)=i(δ(s))for every s∈[0,t].

In words: an integral curve of ZZZ that starts at i(δ(0))i(\delta(0))i(δ(0)), where δ\deltaδ is an integral curve of XXX through interior points of MMM, equals i∘δi\circ\deltai∘δ on the whole time interval; in particular it does not leave i(M)i(M)i(M). The intended proof lifts γ\gammaγ through iii on short time spans (the companion lemma integralCurve_lift_of_embedding, proved earlier in this mission), uses that i(M)i(M)i(M) is a neighbourhood of each i(δ(s))i(\delta(s))i(δ(s)) (range_mem_nhds_of_isInteriorPoint) and the uniqueness statement isMIntegralCurveOn_uIcc_eq, and extends the agreement over the whole interval by a closed-and-open argument. A general fact, not stated in the paper; it is one of the facts behind footnote 2 of Section 1 (p. 2 of arXiv v1: the differentiable structure on W is compatible with those of U and V by restriction) and behind the fourth and fifth sentences of the proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1, p. 14), which state without proof that Λ_Z contains Λ_X and Λ_Y (through the inclusions) and use, without comment, that Λ_X and Λ_Y are hyperbolic sets of Z. In the proof of plugGluing_local_conjugacy it identifies the integral curve of ZZZ chosen by the time-ttt map at iU(y)i_U(y)iU​(y) with the image of the orbit of yyy under XXX.

Formalization Note ZZZ is not assumed to be C¹ or even continuous; its curves are controlled only through the embedding. The Hausdorff hypotheses are used for the closedness of the set of agreement times and in the uniqueness statement. No compactness is assumed.

Preamble
import Mathlib
import Definitions.Def_AnosovPlugs_Gluing

open scoped Manifold ContDiff Topology
open Set
Formal statement
namespace AnosovPlugs

theorem integralCurveOn_eq_comp_of_embedding
    {M : Type} [TopologicalSpace M] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) M] [IsManifold I3 ∞ M]
    [T2Space M]
    {N : Type} [TopologicalSpace N] [ChartedSpace (EuclideanHalfSpace 3) N] [IsManifold I3 ∞ N]
    [T2Space N]
    (X : (x : M) → TangentSpace I3 x) (Z : (w : N) → TangentSpace I3 w) (i : M → N)
    (hX : IsC1VectorField X) (hi : ContMDiff I3 I3 1 i) (hemb : Topology.IsEmbedding i)
    (hinj : ∀ x, Function.Injective (mfderiv I3 I3 i x))
    (hZ : ∀ x, mfderiv I3 I3 i x (X x) = Z (i x))
    (δ : ℝ → M) (t : ℝ) (hδ : IsMIntegralCurveOn δ X (uIcc 0 t))
    (hint : ∀ s ∈ uIcc 0 t, I3.IsInteriorPoint (δ s))
    (γ : ℝ → N) (hγ : IsMIntegralCurveOn γ Z (uIcc 0 t)) (h0 : γ 0 = i (δ 0)) :
    ∀ s ∈ uIcc 0 t, γ s = i (δ s) := by sorry

end AnosovPlugs
Source
F. Béguin, C. Bonatti, B. Yu, *Building Anosov flows on 3-manifolds*, Geom. Topol. 21 (2017) 1837–1930, https://doi.org/10.2140/gt.2017.21.1837 (arXiv:1408.3951v1). A general fact, not stated in the paper; it is one of the facts behind footnote 2 of Section 1 (p. 2 of arXiv v1: the differentiable structure on W is compatible with those of U and V by restriction) and behind the fourth and fifth sentences of the proof of Proposition 1.1 (Section 3.1 of arXiv v1, p. 14), which state without proof that Λ_Z contains Λ_X and Λ_Y (through the inclusions) and use, without comment, that Λ_X and Λ_Y are hyperbolic sets of Z. Mathlib notions: IsMIntegralCurveOn, Topology.IsEmbedding, mfderiv; mission notion: IsC1VectorField; companion statements integralCurve_lift_of_embedding, range_mem_nhds_of_isInteriorPoint, isMIntegralCurveOn_uIcc_eq.

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