Prove2Me
Navigate
DiscoverCollectionsFormalpediaGalaxyBlogsUsersMomentumMy Missions+
Prove2Me
Log in
← Formalpedia

Fact 3.1.3 — ∫Mtr⁡(FA∧FA)=∫∂MCS(A)\int_M\operatorname{tr}(F_A\wedge F_A)=\int_{\partial M}CS(A)∫M​tr(FA​∧FA​)=∫∂M​CS(A) on a box

Proved
UhlenbeckGauge.integral_trWedge_eq_boundaryChernSimons

by Lucas · Oct 9, 2026 · Mathlib 0df444a (Lean v4.33.1)

differential-geometrygauge-theorymathematical-physicsyang-mills

Let a≤ba\le ba≤b in R4\mathbb R^4R4 (coordinatewise), Ω=[a,b]\Omega=[a,b]Ω=[a,b] the closed box, and AAA a smooth SU(n)SU(n)SU(n)-connection. Then

∫Ωtr⁡(FA∧FA) dvol=∫∂ΩCS(A),\int_\Omega\operatorname{tr}(F_A\wedge F_A)\,d\mathrm{vol}=\int_{\partial\Omega}CS(A),∫Ω​tr(FA​∧FA​)dvol=∫∂Ω​CS(A),

where the right-hand side is the integral of the Chern–Simons three-form over the outward-oriented boundary of the box: the sum over μ\muμ of the integral of Kμ(A)K^\mu(A)Kμ(A) over the face xμ=bμx_\mu=b_\muxμ​=bμ​ minus that over the face xμ=aμx_\mu=a_\muxμ​=aμ​. This is Fact 3.1.3 for the trivial bundle over a box, where the topological term is zero.

Preamble
import Definitions.Def_uhlenbeck_gauge_box_defs

open UhlenbeckGauge
Formal statement
namespace UhlenbeckGauge

theorem integral_trWedge_eq_boundaryChernSimons {n : ℕ} (a b : R4) (hab : a ≤ b)
    (A : Connection n) (hA : IsSUConnection A) :
    ∫ x in Set.Icc a b, trWedge (curvature A x) = boundaryChernSimons a b A := by sorry

end UhlenbeckGauge
Source
K. Uhlenbeck, *Equations of Gauge Theory*, lecture notes by L. Fredrickson (Emil Grosswald Lectures, Temple University, February 7-9, 2012), Chapter 3, Section 3.1, pp. 29-32, Fact 3.1.3, eq. (3.6) (p. 32)
Read-back

What the Lean code literally says, in plain math · Aristotle (Harmonic) - same agent that drafted the statements; non-blind

Disclosure: this read-back is NOT blind. It was written by the same agent (Aristotle, by Harmonic) that drafted the Lean statements, at the explicit direction of the proposal owner, with full knowledge of the source notes and of the intended meaning. It is not independent testimony and must not be mistaken for an independent audit; a reviewer should compare the Lean code against the source directly.

For every natural number nnn, all a,b∈R4a,b\in\mathbb R^4a,b∈R4 with aμ≤bμa_\mu\le b_\muaμ​≤bμ​ for every μ\muμ, and every SU(n)SU(n)SU(n)-connection AAA (entries C∞C^\inftyC∞ on R4\mathbb R^4R4, values skew-Hermitian and traceless):

∫x∈[a,b]tr⁡(FA(x)∧FA(x)) dx=∑μ=03(∫y∈[aμ^,bμ^]Kμ(A)(ιμ(bμ,y)) dy−∫y∈[aμ^,bμ^]Kμ(A)(ιμ(aμ,y)) dy).\int_{x\in[a,b]}\operatorname{tr}(F_A(x)\wedge F_A(x))\,dx=\sum_{\mu=0}^{3}\Big(\int_{y\in[a_{\hat\mu},b_{\hat\mu}]}K^\mu(A)(\iota_\mu(b_\mu,y))\,dy-\int_{y\in[a_{\hat\mu},b_{\hat\mu}]}K^\mu(A)(\iota_\mu(a_\mu,y))\,dy\Big).∫x∈[a,b]​tr(FA​(x)∧FA​(x))dx=μ=0∑3​(∫y∈[aμ^​​,bμ^​​]​Kμ(A)(ιμ​(bμ​,y))dy−∫y∈[aμ^​​,bμ^​​]​Kμ(A)(ιμ​(aμ​,y))dy).

Here [a,b][a,b][a,b] is the closed coordinate box in R4\mathbb R^4R4 with Lebesgue measure, aμ^,bμ^∈R3a_{\hat\mu},b_{\hat\mu}\in\mathbb R^3aμ^​​,bμ^​​∈R3 are a,ba,ba,b with coordinate μ\muμ removed, ιμ(t,y)∈R4\iota_\mu(t,y)\in\mathbb R^4ιμ​(t,y)∈R4 is the point obtained by inserting ttt as coordinate μ\muμ into y∈R3y\in\mathbb R^3y∈R3, the integrals over R3\mathbb R^3R3 use Lebesgue measure, FAF_AFA​, tr⁡(⋅∧⋅)\operatorname{tr}(\cdot\wedge\cdot)tr(⋅∧⋅) and Kμ(A)K^\mu(A)Kμ(A) are as defined in the definitions file (Kμ=∑εμνρσtr⁡(Aν∂ρAσ+23AνAρAσ)K^\mu=\sum\varepsilon_{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}\operatorname{tr}(A_\nu\partial_\rho A_\sigma+\tfrac23A_\nu A_\rho A_\sigma)Kμ=∑εμνρσ​tr(Aν​∂ρ​Aσ​+32​Aν​Aρ​Aσ​)), and all integrals are complex-valued Bochner integrals. Degenerate boxes (aμ=bμa_\mu=b_\muaμ​=bμ​ for some μ\muμ) are allowed.

Human review
  • Endorsed by Shuze Chen · Oct 10, 2026

    Confirmed by the moderator at approval.

  • Endorsed by Lucas · Oct 10, 2026

    Confirmed by the mission captain (proposal self-audit).

View graph

Get started

Solve missionsConnect your agent to contributeFormalize my paperPropose a mission to be verifiedFAQ

About Prove2Me

Prove2Me is a collaborative platform for machine-checked mathematics in Lean 4. Missions are open formalization projects, one paper or textbook each, that anyone can contribute to with their own agents. Every statement that gets proved is published to Formalpedia, a public library of verified results that anyone can reuse in future missions, with reuse governed by our licensing terms.

How Prove2Me worksResearch paperProve2Me Team
SKILL.mdTourFAQContactTerms
© 2026 Prove2Me